OLIVAREZ COLLEGE Dr. Arcadio Santos Avenue, Sucat Road Parañaque City 1700 National Capital Region
ACTION RESEARCH
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in ADVANCED STATISTICS
Submitted by: Gerald M. Tayag MAED
Submitted to: Dr. Edmar Orata
INTRODUCTION
Mathematics is an important component of the school curriculum. It plays a big part in our daily lives like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and so on are used in our daily activities. From the advent of civilization, man learn to count using stones and beads. In the earliest civilization, barter-system was used. Now-a-days, all day to day transactions in a multi-national or national companies involve mathematical operations . From poor to rich, all have to some how use mathematics in their real lives. Consider a housewife, who has to run her house in the given budget. She divides money according to her needs and estimates about the expenses and then spends it according her range. The literal meaning of mathematics is "Things which can be counted", now you can think that counting has vital role in our daily life, just imagine if there were no mathematics at all, how it would be possible for us to count days, months and years. Moreover, it is also believed that 'Mathematics is the mother of all sciences'. This also shows us that all the sciences that are evolved have a sound foundation in mathematics, if we go further in debate it would be justified to say that the blessings of all these modern sciences and technologies are only possible with mathematics. Mathematics is very important for life since it helps us to quantify all the visible and invisible things with which we are dealing in daily life. It is human nature that they do not have complete confidence in the subjective or relative things, in the modern day of today the objective things are preferred and trusted more than the subjective things. Mathematics helps us to have an objective view of the different things we are dealing with. It helps us in making calculations about the things which are not physically developed like for buildings before construction. In school setting, the researcher has observed that most of his students are experiencing learning difficulties in Mathematics. To mention a few, there is: inability to develop a plan for solution and inability to carry-out mathematical working problems into working mathematical equations and/or formulas (Mina, 2005); the basic skills inability to comprehend ad solve mathematical problem (Diaz, 2007). As Math Teacher, the researcher became interested in pursuing this action research to identify and analyze the mathematical difficulties of Grade six Section 5 students from Fourth Estate Elementary School. It is the researchers desire to improve students performance in Mathematics.
OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study is to analyze the mathematical difficulties of the Grade Six Section 5 students of Fourth Estate Elementary School. Specifically, it seeks to: 1. determine the periodic test performance of the Grade Six Section 5 students of Fourth Estate Elementary School; 2. identify the strengths an weaknesses of the Grade Six Section 5 students of Fourth Estate Elementary School based on their periodic test; and 3. identify the least mastered skills in the competencies that need review and remediation exercises
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study was conducted in Fourth Estate Elementary School in this school year 2012-2013. It involves 56 Grade Six Section 5 students with difficulties in the First Periodic Test. The present study identified the strengths and weaknesses of the students in areas of “Comprehension of Whole Numbers”, “Decimals”, “Addition and Subtraction of Decimals”, and “Multiplication of Decimals”.
METHODS OF STUDY
The descriptive method was utilized by the researcher to analyze the mathematical difficulties encountered by Grade Six Section 5 students of Fourth Estate Elementary School. The main source of data was the First Periodic Test in Grade Six offered in this school year 2012-2013. The difficulties of the students were analyzed based on their test results. For the treatment of data, the researcher used frequency count, percentage, ranking, arithmetic mean and standard deviation.
FINDINGS: After the statistical analysis of the data gathered from the periodic test, the following answers to the specific objectives are drawn. 1. How did the Grade Six Section 1 students performed the periodic test? Table 1 Periodic Test Results of Grade Six Section 5 Students in Mathematics
As can be gleaned in table 1, in the 50-item periodic test, there was one (1) or 6% of the students who top scored with 47-51. This score group as followed by 37-36 wherein two (2) or 4% of the students received these scores. Seven or 13% of the students got scores between 32-36. There were 12 0r 21% students got scores of 27-31. It was followed then by the score of 22-26 wherein 19 or 34% of the students received this scores. Thirteen students got the score of 17-21 and 2 of them was in the lowest score of 12-16. The overall rating of 25.52 and standard deviation of 6.43 shows that the grade six section 5 students had limited skills based on the topics discussed.
2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Grade Six Section 5 students as revealed in the Periodical Test? Item analysis (Frequency of error) was used by the researcher in determining the strengths and weaknesses of Grade Six Section 5 students in Mathematics. Items were 49% of the students gave wrong answers are identified as weaknesses of the students. The data are found in table 2. For the difficulty level, the researcher applied the following formula. = Difficulty Level (based on Friendenberg, 1995 as cited on TSU Research Manual, 2002)
Index Descriptive Level 89.6 - above Very Easy 74.6 - 89.5 Easy 44.6 - 74.5 Moderately Difficult 29.6 - 44.5 Difficult 25.5 - below Very Difficult
Table 2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Grade Six Section 5 students In Mathematics based on Periodic Test
Competencies Percentage of Error Description Comprehension of Whole Numbers 58.33 Moderately Difficult Decimals 50.34 Moderately Difficult Addition and Subtraction of Decimals 49.59 Moderately Difficult Multiplication of Decimals 44.64 Moderately Difficult
As can be gleaned in table 2, the Grade Six Section 5 students were experiencing difficulties in “Comprehension of Whole Numbers”, “Decimals”, “Addition and Subtraction of Decimals”, and “Multiplication of Decimals”. Among the four competencies, “Comprehension of Whole Numbers” indicated the most of the wrong responses with a percentage of 58.33.
3. What are the last mastered skills in the competencies of Mathematics Six that needs review and remediation? The table below was used by the researcher to identify the skills that needed review and remediation. Percentage Mastery Level Descriptive Equivalent 96-100% Mastered (M) 86-95% Closely Approximating Mastery (CAM) 66-85% Moving Towards Master (MTM) 35-65% Average (AVR) 15-34% Low (L) 5-14% Very Low (VL) 0-4% Absolutely No Mastery (ANM)
Table 3 Competencies/Skills in Mathematics VI That Needed Review and Remediation
Competencies Percentage of Correct Response Mastery Level Descriptive Equivalent A. Comprehension on Whole Numbers 1 Meaning of expression, equation, exponent and base 70.25 MTM
2 Evaluating an expression involving exponents 59.00 AVR
3 Evaluating an expression with more than two operations without exponents and parenthesis/grouping symbols 34.00 L
4 Evaluating an expression with more than two operations with or without exponents and parenthesis 40.33 AVR 5 Solving 2- to 3-step word problem involving whole numbers 69.00 MTM
B. Decimal 1 Naming a decimal for a given model 63.50 AVR
2 Renaming fractions whose denominators are powers of 10 in decimal form 63.67 AVR
3 Reading and writing decimals through ten- thousandths 42.50 AVR
4 Identifying the value/place value of a digit 47.50 AVR
5 Writing decimals in different notations 44.50 AVR
6 Comparing and ordering decimals 46.33 AVR
7 Rounding decimals 44.67 AVR
C. Addition and Subtraction of Decimals 1 Estimating sum and differences of whole numbers and decimals 49.50 AV
2 Adding and subtracting decimals through ten thousandths without and with regrouping 54.50 AVR
3 Adding and subtracting mixed decimals with regrouping 44.25 AVR
4 Solving 1- to 3- step word problems involving addition and subtraction of decimals including money 52.50 AVR
D. Multiplication of Decimals 1 Multiplying up to 3-digit factors by 1- to 2- digit factors without and with regrouping 42.00 AVR
2 Multiplying hundredths by hundredths 50.00 AVR
3 Multiplying mixed decimals by mixed decimals 38.00 AVR
4 Solving word problems involving multiplication of decimals including money 46.00 AVR
5 Applying the properties of multiplication to compute products 50.00 AVR
6 Solving 2- to 3- step word problems involving multiplication of decimals including money 44.67 AVR
As can be gleaned in table 3, there were no competencies being mastered by the Grade Six Section 5 students. There were only two competencies that indicated “Moving Towards Mastery” and these were “Meaning of expression, exponent, equation and base” and “Solving 2-to-3 steps word problems involving whole numbers”. All of the remaining competencies indicated “Average” and there was one competency that indicated a “Low” mastery level. In this view, all of the competencies are needed to be review. These competencies should be presented with at least 20 examples each.
CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the study, the following are the derived conclusion: 1. The Grade Six Section 5 students have insufficient mathematical competencies. In their subject mathematics, the root of difficulties is their inadequate knowledge in basic concept of Math. 2. It was found out that the Grade Six Section 5 students have the weaknesses in almost of the competencies and these are “Decimals”, Addition and Subtraction of Decimals”, and “Multiplication of Decimals”. There were only two competencies that indicated “Moving Towards Mastery”. 3. Review and remediation are to be given on the competencies “Comprehension of Whole Numbers “, “Decimals”, “Addition and Subtraction of Decimals”, and “Multiplication of Decimals”.
RECOMMENDATION: 1. Teachers should have in mind that mastery of basic knowledge skills in Math is very important and it must be given emphasis with the students. The four fundamental operations (MDAS) must be mastered in their primary level. 2. The number of recitation days must be congruent according to the level of difficulty of the skill/competencies. There were competencies that requires longer days before they must be accomplished. 3. In everyday teaching in Math, teachers must provide the necessary techniques and strategies in such a way that the students must remember the lesson in the very simplest way. In this light, they could easily understand the lesson. 4. Teachers must encourage peer teaching. There were students that learn most using this approach. 5. Review and remediation would be of big help after class hours. This is depends on the permission of parent if they want their child to extend their stay in school.
AN ASSESSMENT OF ENGLISH PROFICIENCY LEVEL OF THE FOURTH YEAR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS IN BRITANNY SCHOOL OF LAS PINAS; BASIS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE ENGLISH SUBJECT
by Eric James Paguio A research submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Education Major in Educational Management
at Olivarez College Paranaque City September 2012
ABSTRACT
The study aims to determine the oral proficiency level of the senior high school students of Brittany School of Las Piñas. The study will seek to answer the following questions: What is the oral English Proficiency level of the senior high school students of Brittany School of Las Piñas in terms of articulation, diction, enunciation according to the students’ and teachers’ assessment; is there a significant difference in the Oral English Proficiency Level of the Senior Students between teachers’ and students’ assessment and what are the problems met by the senior high school students in speaking correct English and the solution suggested? The researchers used the descriptive method research. The research was conducted at the Brittany School of Las Piñas. The study was conducted to the randomly selected senior high school students from the total population of 30 students. The researchers only picked out (50%) of the sample population by means of fish bowl method. The researchers used adapted questionnaire and interview test to the senior high school students to determine their oral English proficiency level. The identified oral English proficiency level in terms of diction was fair according to students’ assessment with a weighted mean of 3.28 and good according to teachers’ assessment with a weighted mean of 3.75. In terms of diction the students’ assessment was good with a weighted mean of 3.51 the same result of teachers’ assessment with a weighted mean of 3.86. The weighted mean of 3.55 as assessed by the students’ and the weighted mean of 3.73 as assessed by the teal interpretation teachers’ had a verbal interpretation of good which the oral means proficiency level of the students in terms of enunciation was good. Based on the findings of the researchers, there is no significant difference between the senior high school students’ oral English proficiency level in terms of articulation, diction, ad enunciation according to the students’ and teachers’ assessment. The hypothesis there is no significant difference between the students’ assessment and the teachers’ assessment with regard to the oral proficiency level of the senior high school students was accepted. The researchers would like to recommend to schools to provide adequate opportunities for the students to practice in speaking correct English through proper exposure to such activities as dramatic guilds, school programs, academic contests like debate, declamation, extemporaneous speaking, oration, spelling bee, essay writing etc. There should be strict implementation of the “Speak in English” policy for it is one of the effective ways to develop and enhance the communication proficiency of the students. The administrators should put up a functional speech laboratory equipped with adequate facilities and communication equipment. Curriculum planners and syllabus designers should develop syllabi that will help students to improve not only their linguistic competence or the mastery of the English structures but also their communicative competence or the ability to use English in real life situations.
Chapter I Background of the study English Language is a tool, an instrument to reach others for any purpose for an instance, let us consider the following advertisement of the regent institute, which was printed, in a local magazine. If you have to apply for a job tomorrow, if it is vitally necessary that you should make a favorable impression at social or professional gathering, are you certain that your English would not let you down? “You cannot afford to leave the matter to chance. You must have the knowledge and confidence to carry you successfully through the “big moments” as well as the hundred and one occasions when you need to make the right impression.” This advertisement is an example of an effective language communication at work. The world is faced with economic and political crises. This critical situation demands from all sectors of society wholehearted concerns and attention to become intelligent participants in the discussion of issues; we need to be equipped with good ideas and skills. One of the important skills is proficiency in English communication. Our society needs men who can read sensitively, think and write clearly, respond imaginatively and speak intelligently to different human situations.
Fourth year high school students should realize how important and relevant English proficiency in to their subjects and to their lives. If ever these students realize the importance and relevance of the English Language, it is certainly brought about their belief that English will help them get along with other academic subjects who are taught in English. The need for competency in English, however, is not confined within the classroom. Aware of the importance of the English language, the Filipino students should not regret learning English as a second language. Instead, he should strive for functional communicative competence in his second language. Statement of the Problem This study aims to assess the oral English proficiency level of the senior high school students of Brittany School of Las Piñas. Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the oral English proficiency level of the high school students in terms of: a. Articulation b. Diction c. Enunciation
2. What is the oral English proficiency level of the senior high school students as assessed by the students in terms of: a. Articulation b. Diction c. Enunciation 3. What is the oral English proficiency level of the senior high school students according to The teacher assessment in terms of: a. Articulation b. Diction c. Enunciation 4. Is there a significant difference in the oral English proficiency level of the senior high school students between the teachers’ assessment and students’ assessment? 5. What are the problems met by the senior high school students in speaking correct English and solution suggested? Hypothesis of the study There is no significant different between the oral English proficiency level of the senior high school students of Brittany School of Las Piñas in terms of articulation, diction, and enunciation as assessed by the students and teachers.
What exactly is wrong with the quality of English teacher brings to high school with him to use a tool in imparting knowledge? Is his English incorrect? Are his tenses bad? Is he very unidiomatic? Is his vocabulary inaccurate? Are his sentences put together illogical? Various literature studies have shown that many teachers today can hardly express themselves in English. Their communicative competence is weak particularly in oral language. Many teachers also can hardly do written work of which they can proud of. It is a small wonder that many shy away from research, which requires scholarly precise language. English as the medium of instruction In Maximo Soliven’s Article (2003): “The President was right to direct our schools’ return to English as the medium of instruction of course.” This has provoked a howl to those deeming themselves super patriots, who are demanding that English be abolished instead and instruction be a “Filipino” which is in Tagalog, really. In this world, everybody is learning English while we are insisting on learning Tagalog ( The truth is, the way things are, we have been learning neither of the two languages, mostly Tagalog instead). Let’s realistic. Filipino has been using English for more than 100 years. It is no longer a “Foreign Language”. True enough, it is not native nation? A century? Two centuries? A thousand years? A generation ago, Filipinos were able to brag about their “edge in English”. Particularly. Now that Beijing has a bigger role in trade. Two hundred million (200) Chinese are studying and practicing English every day. Even the taxi drivers are being required to learn English. According to Garcia (2003), English as a tool for learning, is integrated into or used as the medium of instruction in the different curriculum areas. In the social sciences, the study of literature is correlated with the chronological study of the history of the country. The interpretation of science theories, principles, concepts and processes require the use of English particularly where there are no equivalent terms of these in the native language. Student’s role in improving their English According to Go (1997), the thrive to improve English instruction sprung from the students themselves to be facilitated by teachers who also strive to streamline their own English to be pushed by developers of instructional materials who target the needed skills of students. Improving one’s communicative skills and competence Improving English communicative skills, if one cannot invest on them, will not make significant progress no matter how long they will stay in their country. Communication is a skill much alike swimming. If you don’t into the water and actually swim, your swimming skills will only improve if you have to invest time. Communicative competence is the primary goal of education. If the students Can express what they mean and understood and if they can understand the meaning of message being given, then they are communicating effectively. Synthesis These collected review of related literature served as guidelines in our research which is to appraise the oral English proficiency level of senior high school students of Brittany School of Las Piñas. Conceptual Framework This research attempts to assess the oral English Proficiency Level of the students. Respondents would be interviewed and Teacher’s Assessment as well as the Student’s Assessment of their own oral English Proficiency Level would be answered afterwards.
Definition of terms For a better understanding and appreciation of this study, the following terms were defined operationally or as used in this study: ARTICULATION- refers to correct grammar and proper emphasis to important ideas. ASSESSMENT- refers on how the students assess their level of oral English Proficiency and also refers on how the evaluators assess the thirty respondents in terms of articulation and enunciation. DICTION- refers to the choice of words. ENUNCIATION- refers to correct and clear pronunciation, proper information and proper phrasing. PROFICIENCY- refers to the student’s oral ability in speaking English
Conclusions and Recommendation English is widely regarded as one of the most difficult languages to muster but it is also one of the most useful and spoken languages in the world. Therefore if you want to get ahead in international business, or you simply want to be able to travel the world speaking this universal language, you will need to improve your proficiency in English. There are number of different ways that you can improve your English proficiency. Reading is undoubtedly the best way to improve your language skills. The important thing to remember when you are picking out your literature whether it is a book, newspaper or magazine, is to pick something that is on your level of understanding. There is no point overstretching yourself to soon as you may well lose interest. You will have absolutely no problem finding some excellent English grammar books that will not only help you to improve your proficiency but also your ability to string together sentences. Whenever you come across any words that you are unsure of pick up a dictionary and absorb the meaning, this will really help to speed up your learning. Engaging in conversation with English speakers is a fantastic way to improve your skills; this is especially useful if you have friends or family that can point out any errors that you may be making. It may sound strange but watching television can actually be a great help to your English proficiency. There is a number of interesting television programs and they can be a great way to listen to the correct way that words should be pronounced so that you can then practice them yourself. If you want to improve your English vocabulary, there are a number of ways you can do so. The best way to improve your knowledge of the English language is to get out there and interact with people.
Phil-IRI English Pre-Test Oral and Silent Reading Result of Grade VI-16 in Fourth Estate Elementary School
AN ACTION RESEARCH SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
ADVANCED EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS
AT
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE (GRADUATE SCHOOL)
PRESENTED BY MS. MARYGRACE S. ESGUERRA
PRESENTED TO DR. EDMAR L. ORATA
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE 2012
INTRODUCTION Reading is the most basic skills. It provides access to other skills and knowledge, facilities lifelong learning and open my doors- employment, training, higher education and lifelong learning. Technically, reading is the process of gaining meaning from print. For some, reading is a passion-an avenue to which they can turn, to escape the challenges of life. The reasons for children not being able to read are varied- poor teaching, lack of motivation or the child may have a learning disability which makes reading difficult. Pupils who don’t read well face serious barriers as they become adults they will attempt to earn a living wage to support their children’s learning and to fully participate in civic and community life. It is important to develop the grade VI-16 pupils of Fourth Estate Elementary School their reading and comprehension ability. The Philippine Informal Reading Inventory ( Phil-IRI ) is an initiative of the Bureau of Elementary Education- Department of Education that directly addresses its thrust to make every Filipino child reader. It is anchored on the flagship program of the Department “Every Child A Reader Program ( ECARP),” the goal of which is to enable every Filipino child to communicate both in English and Filipino through effective reading instruction
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION: The study was conducted to analyze the reading level of the Grade VI section 16. It involves 47 students, officially enrolled at Fourth Estate Elementary School, school year 2012-2013. The present study identified the reading level and comprehension level of pupils both in Oral Reading Test and Silent Reading Test.
FINDINGS After the statistical analysis of the data gathered from the oral reading test, the following answers to the objectives are drawn 1. How many are identified in the reading levels of frustration? Instructional? and Independent level? Table 1 presents the results of the Grade VI-16 Oral Reading Test In English . Table 1 GRADE VI-16 ORAL READING TEST RESULT IN ENGLISH READING LEVEL MALE PERCENTAGE FEMALE PERCENTAGE NON-READER 1 3.85% 1 4.76% FRUSTRATION 23 88.46% 17 80.95% INSTRUCTIONAL 2 7.69% 3 14.29% INDEPENDENT 0 0.00% 0 0.00% TOTAL 26 100 21 100
As revealed in Table 1, the four reading levels namely non-reader, frustration, instructional and independent in pre - oral reading test in English. The Phil-Iri pre oral reading result of Grade VI-16, indicates that there were 23 males or 88.46% and 17 females or 80.95% with a reading level of frustration. In a reading level of instructional 2 males or 7.69% and 3 for females or 14.29%. Only 2 of the 47 pupils, one male with 3.58% and one female with 4.76% identified a non reader and 0% identified independent in pre oral reading levels in English.
Table 2 presents the results of the Grade VI-16 Silent Reading Test In English Table 2 GRADE VI-16 SILENT READING TEST RESULT IN ENGLISH SPEED LEVEL COMPREHENSION LEVEL READING LEVEL Pupils Tested Slow Average Fast Frustration Instructional Independent Frustration Instructional Independent 47 47 0 0 45 2 0 47 0 0
As revealed in Table 2, the three levels in silent reading test in English are the speed level where in the readers where identified whether slow, average or fast. Out of 47 pupils the speed level of the students in Grade VI-16 are slow. Next is to test the comprehension level were in the pupils were given 7 questions and they will choose the answer from the given choices. The comprehension level of the 45 pupils which is frustration and out of 47 pupils 2 got the comprehension level of instructional. The overall silent reading level of the students in grade VI-16 , 47 students got the frustration level.
2. How many pupils are identified as non-readers? What intervention can be done? Table 3 presents the results of non-reader in Grade VI-16 Table 3 NON READER IN GRADE VI-16 MALE FEMALE TOTAL NON-READER 1 1 2
As revealed in Table 3, out of 26 boys there is 1 male where identified non-reader and out of 21 girls, 1 female identified also as a non-reader. The non-readers will be given a remedial reading after class hours. They will also bring home reading resources which will increase their capacity to read and comprehend. The frustration level will be given reading materials, e.g. Dolch Basic Sight Words. Before the class starts vocabulary drill will be given. They will be required to have dictionary and read 2-5 words per day. Regular monitoring of the said activities will be done. Parents will be notified to have cooperation with the teacher and adviser. 3. What are the probable reasons of pupils in their reading difficulties in getting the frustration level? And as non-readers? The study further specifies the following probable reasons of pupils in their reading difficulties in English: 1. expose to computers/technology 2. study habit is not good 3. lack of vocabulary 4. not their mother tongue language 5. not supported by parents 6. malnourishment 7. Financial problem 8. influence of environment 9. parents are illiterate 4. What are the intervention can be done to those pupils identified frustration and non-readers? Students who struggle in reading need reading intervention immediately so the gap doesn't widen as they get older. It is easier to close that gap the younger they are. The most effective way to provide intervention is in a small group. If students in your school are struggling with reading, there are a few things your school can do to help. Providing the non reader students 60 minutes of uninterrupted remedial class. In doing this, more of the teacher’s time is spent with the students who need the extra help. It is the lower students who get lost in the larger classes. When placed in a smaller group for the reading instruction, they are forced to participate. Special time will be given to frustration readers every afternoon of class days. Supplementary reading materials will be used for special reading sessions. This is use for the pupils who identified frustration. For non-readers use different strategies like videos and audio tapes to teach the child phonemes. Let him read a very simple text. Provide him with a partner who can help him or her to read. Form a readers play where readers will come together. Learning to read is one of the most difficult tasks the human being faces his/her life. Both the children and parents /guardians have to go by a lot of labors and difficulties to acquire the skills. It takes months after months to teach how to read. CONCLUSION The fact that one can reap great benefits from reading cannot be doubted or questioned. It is for the reason that teachers must instill a real love for reading and prepare them into becoming lifelong readers so that the pupils will learn a lot from them. Different teaching approaches should be used to the learners. The art of questioning like (HOTS) Higher Order Thinking Skills and vocabulary drill must be implemented in the class. Parents and teacher will coordinate each other regarding the reading progress of the child to make sure that their reading level will become independent. Pupil to pupil or pupil to teacher interaction or vice versa through guided activities could be used in helping them develop their reading levels and also their comprehension level.
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THE STUDY HABITS OF THE SAINT ROSE OF LIMA (LAS PIÑAS) SCHOOL FOURTH YEAR PERSEVERANCE SCHOOL YEAR 2012-2013
A Research
Presented to:
The Faculty of the College of Graduate Studies Olivarez College Parañaque City
In Partial fulfillment of the Requirments for the Degree of Master of Arts in Education Major in Educational Management
RICHARD O. HABALA 2012
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE College of Graduate Studies PAGE 2
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION:
The Fourth year Perseverance is far challenging than First year and Second year even Third year education. This is more because Fourth year is far more of a higher plane and that the effort that required here is far more serious because the goal and objective of second year is to finish a transitional stage like in high school level which required more serious study. Yet there are problems that are most commonly encountered along the way, especially with regards to improving one’s study habits. To an extent this usually could mean succesful or a failure in the attainment of high school graduate and even in other year level. With this study you may also determined all types of study habits that they contribute to the best of their knowledge to having
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a good time management program and to make sure that they were enough time to study their lesson and to make sure that they were also making a good success in the future, as long as they know their habits and knowing how to make this study habits and knowing how to make this study habits are their priorities rather than wasting their time in other activities.
Statemement of Problem:
The foregoing study is all about “The Study Habits of Fourth Year Perseverance’’
Specifically it will seek answers to the following research questions
1. What are the study habits of Fourth year Perseverance?
2. What are the effects of study habits with their performance inside their Classes?
3. What are some important details regarding the good study habits of fourth year Perseverance?
4. Do you think proper study habits make you are confident with your grades especially with your grades especially with your academic subject?
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Review of related Literature and Studies:
This presents all important researched literatures and Studies that are related to the subject of this study. The home setting provides for the proper home invironment for the student. According to Merson, the degree of attaining successfully the high school depends so much on both the school and the students. If the parents are supportive on their children’s education providing them with better study envioronment and giving them access to research materials plus ideal study rooms, the child naturally is more prepared to tackle the challenges posed inside their classrooms. As inside the school, better school environment can accelerate more his learning process the learning of subject. Feber in his study of twenty successful doctors found out that majority of these doctors graduated not necessarily in well known schools and colleges of medicines but more counts their success to better home study environments, better and more wider exposure to
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clinical pratice and experience, experienced and qualified teacherand better access to updated reference materials while still studying. Indicated in his own researched that problems existed among college students Harding their courses when they are offered less in text book materials, library facilities, and the chance for hands on experience. The difficulties are more pronounced if home settings are not ideal for the students so much so that there is a high rate of drop outs among them as compared to those that are offered better school environment as well as home environments. Lowell found out that if the school provided for the best of the student’s educatin, he naturally developes sound study habit that could insure his learning process. This means better library facilities that can offer him more updated research materials, better study rooms and place for doing much of his researchers. This also could mean better mentors/tutors which could guide him more importanty of all is the availability of an adequate and appropriate laboratory for his possible hands on
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experience like using computers at an early age. CHAPTER II Menthods of the Study: This menthods used in this study is descriptive; the researcher distributed the questionaire for the chosen respomdents of the said study. It is a survey menthods which the reseacher try to evaluate and analyze the answers of every respondent. Instrument /Techniques Used: The reseacher make an instrument of questionnaire he has been able to distribute the said of questionaire among the thirty (30) respondents of Fourth Year Perseverance students. It is based on what they were able to answer to the following questions and relating to all the answers they were able to found in the said questionnaire. Sampling Procedure: The sampling procedure used is the non- probability sampling which is to know the answers the following respondents which is according to the questions in the questionnaire
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Treatment of Data:
The treatment of data used is regarding the question which is based and anlyzed with their respective answers to the following questions which is found in the questionnaire. Chapter III
In this chapter the following are the presentation and interpretation of data which depend upon the answers of the foregoing respondents. TABLE 1 THE STUDY HABITS OF FOURTH YEAR PERSEVERANCE Response Frequency % a. more on home setting habits 10 33.5 % b. know how to divide their time 10 33.5% c. they were able to study in library during brask time 10 33.5% Total 30 100.00% In table I show that the ten of the 33.5 % answered the study habits of the Fourth year section Perseverance is they were more on home setting habits, while the another ten of 33.5% answered they were studying, and the remaining ten or 33.5 % answered they were able to study in library during their break time.
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It is depend upon the study habits they wanted to prove or uimprove to pass in their examination or they were able to pass and to be able to graduate this year. Table 2
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF STUDY HABITS
RESPONSE FREQUENCY %
a. enable to pass in every subject 15 50% b. enable to know the value of eduaction 5 15% c. gaining more future 10 35% Total 30 100%
In table 2 shows the fifteen of 50% answered the effects of study habits among the students of Fourth year are they were able to pass in every subject, they were having to agree that effectively of study habits is very much important to improve their grades and to be able to graduate this year, while the ten or 35 % answered gaining more future if they know how to make a study habits correctly and maintaining the goog grades of your subject or academic subject, while the remaining five of 15%
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE College of Graduate Studies PAGE 12
With this you will able to know the value of study habits and how much this study habits effects your study and create you as a good student because of your good study habits. TABLE 4 DO THE STUDENTS AWARE ON STUDY HABITS RESPONSE FREQUENCY % a. Yes 30 100% b. No 0 0% c. No answer 0 0% Total 30 100%
In table 4 Shows that all thirty students of 100% answered they were all aware on study habits, which they believe the proper and good study habits can help their studying and make their grades increasing. Without such study habits we think that all students could not able to finish their students in high school graduating students That is why study habits is really important not other level in education. So with this study habits you will be able to know the right place and good time management is also considered in the habitual studying their lesson.
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE College of Graduate Studies PAGE 13
CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Summary: In this study we found out that all the thirty (30) respondents answered that they were able to have a proper study habits to maintain their grades or gaining or increasing their grades as far as they know that they were able to help them if they were able to improve their study habits. We all thinks that study habits is a part of our education and they were also believe that without such study habits its hard for them to pass their examination or they were able to failed if thyehy did not even know the good and proper study habits. With this study, the students of Fourth Year Perseverance really appreciate the good habits of studying their lesson in home, or even in the parts of the school and they were also learned that as a students they were able to maintain their good grades and knowing how to manage their time for their studying.So, its not hard for them to study their lesson because they have a good study habits and the supportive of their parents are really involved in this subject matter until now the study habits is one of the the important part of our studies.
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE College of Graduate Studies PAGE 14
Conclussion: In the foregoing study, study habits among the fourt year students of Perseverance is really important with them it is because they were a graduating students and they were need to pass their academic subject. With this study habits methods the students determined to be one of the candidate for graduating students this school year. Hence, the good and proper study habits can be liable not only for those who were having a lower grade but also required for those students who are wanted to increase their grades. So, this study habits is really important for every one of us. Therefore, a study habit is recommended to all the students in different level so that it’s not for them to study their lesson.
Recommendation: With this study I recommended this for all types of students who are not really interested with their studies. Also recommended for the teacher to encourage their students of having their study habits for their own sake
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Students Vocabulary Proficiency
Voc. Voc. Rel. Prof. Description Prof. Freq. Freq. Per. 97-100 Outstanding 92-96 Excellent 86-91 Very Good 80-85 5 0.125 2.50% Good 75-79 20 0.5 50.00% Fair 70-74 15 0.375 37.50% Poor 69-Below Very Poor N = 40 100% Mean = 76.65 Median = 76.50
Point System:
Academics 25% Physical Development 25% Military 20% Language 20% Conduct 10% ______________ Total 100%
Interpretation of the result:
Table I shows that only 1 or 2.5% of the students had good vocabulary. 15 or 37.5% had fair vocabulary proficiency, while the remaining 24 or 60% rated poorly. The mean vocabulary proficiency of 73.65 reveals that the level of vocabulary proficiency of the respondents was poor, and a median of 73.50.
Table II shows that after the soldier students attended seminars, symposium, exposed to reading materials and follow the strategies infused to enhance their vocabulary proficiency, it is revealed that 5 or 12.5% had good vocabulary, 20 or 50% had fair vocabulary proficiency, while 15 or 37.5% rated poorly. And mean vocabulary proficiency of 76.65 and median of 76.50. The research also believed that the level of vocabulary proficiency has something to do with the scholastic rating of the soldier students as well their speaking and writing ability. Therefore there is an increase or improvement shown from result of pre test to post test.
V CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of the findings of the research, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. In general the selected soldier students had poor vocabulary, this implies that they lack the competence to express themselves orally and write effectively.
2. The Soldier Students, level of vocabulary proficiency determines their competence in expressing themselves and write effectively. Speaking and writing ability thus affect their performance of duties.
VI RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings and conclusions, the researcher offers the following recommendations:
The desire to read must be developed among the selected soldier students of Basic Military Training School (BMTS) the gaining of knowledge and therefore, the building of vocabulary stem from two actions. First there must be a motivation. Second there must be a beginning. A soldier student learning English as his/her second language needs to increase and enrich his vocabulary for a more articulate communication of his thoughts, feelings and emotions in that language.
The greater part of the time in language should be devoted to communicative activities to develop ease and spontaneity in oral speech. As such knowledge of words without application is useless. Training in the construction of a variety of sentence structures, improvement in vocabulary and development of feeling for appropriate words can only enhance and put effectively to use when one sit down to write.
A further research should be conducted using other variables such as interest language, classroom climate and attitudes towards learning.
1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Computer as the form of most commonly used, refers to the digital computer and electronic device that makes lengthy of complicated calculations at high speeds and (except for certain small models) is also able to make decisions based on logic. This article is primarily concerned with the digital computer which is useful to the school of any level of students. A less common type of computer is the internet and which you can create or having your chat to other countries and helping you to provide some of the important things to look forward by the use of Internet. This internet is very useful as guide and references such as you can get important things at the said internet, one you have in your school even though you are still in high school you have to know the proper uses of internet and help you to provide some of the details which you can count out in this computer. As long as the students are concern, computer machines is accessible to every students and you may also learned the factors of using computers has no bad effects to the students it will give knowledge and learning some methods of how to use computer machines As long as the students are concerned the best things that you have to see in the class is the computer because today computer is one of the most in demand courses and even the high school need to know how to operate the computer machines and learning all the part of such machines so that it’s not hard for them to operate it actually. The foregoing study in AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF USING COMPUTERS OF THE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL . Background of the Study: The computer tasks as one of the major technological developments of the 20th century. Beginning about 1950, it took the computer lost then two decades to revolutionize the methods of business, industry and government to greatly advance work education, medicine, and publishing. Today, the computer industry which includes the manufacturing of computers. The beginning and marketing of computer programs, and the providing of computer related services is among the most important in the world. Early forerunners of the computer were the abacus, developed in the ancient times in the Far East, and an adding machine invented in 1641 by Blaise Pascal of France. The principle of the punched card was developed about 1801 by Joseph Maria Jacquard, also of France. His card were used to control the pattern produced in textile by a loom. All the basic principles of the modern digital computer input and output devices, storage and arithmetic units, and the sequencing of instructions were conceived in the 1820s and 1830s by Charles Babbage, an English mathematician.
Research Locale: The research local of the study is in the facilities of BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL which thirty respondents are chosen to participate in the said topic and the students of this school are in the Grade 7 K to 12 class. Theoretical Framework: INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT COMMUNITY COMPUTER PROCEDURE SCHOOL USES TECHNIQUES HOME EFFECTS IMPORTANCE Figure 1: Shows that the input of the research is in community, school and home and while the process is in computer, uses and affects and the output procedure, techniques and importance of the computer. Statements of the Problems: The foregoing study is about Assessment of the Effects of Using Computers of the High School Students of BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Specifically the researcher try to find out the answer to the following problems. 1. What are the effects of computers? 2. What are the uses of computers? 3. What are advantages of computer machines? Hypotheses: The study has a relationship between the students and the computer machines, without such computer the students should not able to know the right procedure to use computer machines. This is based on the conclusion has been made during the survey methods of research.
Assumption: In studying this thesis the following assumptions are to find out what is the meaning of internet and to distinguish the use of it and it should be able to helps the other people to work. Scope and Limitation of the Study: This study is limited to the used of materials such as books, magazines, newspapers and the respondent’s survey to distribute the checklist or questionnaire which is related to the study. The respondent is 20 high school students of BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL. Significance of the Study: The study seems to signify to the students of high school to find and study the procedure and techniques of using computer machines. Hence, the significance of the study. Definition of Terms: The following terms are the items of using the meaning and it is very hard to understand. Computer – is type of devices that you can create and chat with somebody who are far away from you. Digital this is one of the type of computer before. CPU – Central Processing Unit Internet – it is an international network which you can contact them by using the computer.
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES Related Literature: According to Mauricio, the simplest term of computer is a high speed mathematician, a high speed file place, and a high speed typist. It can perform many thousands of times more rapidly than human and, if properly operated, without array. His many uses grow out of these characteristics. Computers are used in business to the many routine and time consuming jobs, such as handling billing, payrolls, and inventory. Computer can be used in making forecast of future sales figures or economic conditions. In many organizations, computers are used as Word Processors, simplifying the production of reports, letters, and other documents. Some organization routinely transmit memos and other messages by means of computer linkups, a form of communication known as Electronic mail Reporters, sales people and then transmit the work to an office via telephone illness. In schools computers are used in many classrooms to assist teachers in instructing students. Computers are used in a variety of ways, from supplying simple drills to conducting a scientific experiment of managing a large company. In astronomy, computers perform the complicated calculations necessary for determining the orbits and relative positions of various heavenly bodings. In any uses of computer, are being help produce and evaluate the design of new products. Computers are essential for a variety of functions performed by agencies. For example computers used by the National Weather Service for analyzing large counts of weather data to make weather forecasting to the federal Aviation administration for operating the sample equipment needed to street all traffic by the internal venue services for handling this type of computers. In the home, computers are used for a number of purposes. A popular use of home computers is for placing video games. They are also used to gain access by telephone book up to networking providing a variety of information’s and communications services. In some homes, computers are used for word processing and maintaining household records. Related Studies: The computer industry virtually nonexistent to 1990, by 1989 he had use of computers the largest industries in the United States. This is also important in other countries notably Great Britain, Germany, France and Japan and even here in our country, Philippines. The computer industry had two types of commodities hard disk and soft disk, the hardware segment is contained with the development manufacturing and signs increasingly as of equipment. The software is contained and concern with the development of programs and related materials. Some companies deal in both hardware and software. That’s is why computer is very much important in our country and to all over the world, because computers are very much useful and today a lot of courses offered like computer technology, Information Technology, Computer Science, Computer Engineering etc. And now the computer has been using in different schools, universities and colleges and they were able to teach the basic computer machines subjects for those who are in the level of high school and elementary. Many of the young children also learned how to manage and handle such machines. This is why computer machine is very much useful inside the classroom and even in outside of your office or schools, computers are very in demand today and this is one of the most important things to considered.
CHAPTER III M E T H O D O L O G Y Method of Research: In order to determine the effects of using computers in high school students of BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL a descriptive method of research used. The researcher deliberately picked up 20 respondents from BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL in the level of Grade 7 K to 12. Research Instrument: The researcher prepared a set of questionnaire, wherein inquiries relevant to study are included. This questionnaire served as major instrument for gathering data. Data Collection Procedure: As mentioned above a descriptive of research was used in order pertinent data needed to answer the question raised in the study. A non probability Sampling was employed I selecting the respondents in the study. Twenty respondents from BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL was selected applying the convenience sampling method. Statistical Treatment: In analyzing the data in this study, a simple percentage and frequency method was used the following formula.
P = f x 100 N Where: P = Percentage F = Frequency N = total number of respondents
CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA As previously mentioned, a study was conducted among twenty respondents regarding the effects of using computers in high school students of BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL. TABLE 1 EFFECTS OF USING COMPUTERS AMONG H.S. STUDENTS IN GRADE SEVEN PROGRAM Response Frequency Percentage a. They learned how to use computer 10 50% b. additional subject 5 25% c. gain knowledge in computer 5 25% Total 20 100% In the table 1 shows that the ten of the respondents of 50% of them agree that there is no bad effects of using computers, they must be able to learned how to use properly the machine or the computer machines, while the five or 25% answered that additional subject for the academic is also the effect of this case, and the remaining five of 25% answered they will give knowledge about computer.
TABLE 2 DO THE STUDENTS REALLY WANT TO KNOW ABOUT COMPUTER RESPONSE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE A. Yes 15 75% B. No 5 25% Total 20 100% In table 2 shows that the fifteen of 75% agree that they really want ad interested to know all about computer machines, while the five or 25% answered no, it will not helping them to give additional knowledge in computer.
Table 3 USES OF COMPUTER MACHINES RESPONSE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE A. For Education 10 50% B. For industry 5 25% C. For community 5 25% ________________________________________________________________________ Total 20 100% In table 3 shows that the ten of 50% of the respondents believe that computer has been using in school or in education, while the five 25% answers this computer used for the industry, and the five or 25% answered it is also useful for the community to help those people who are unemployed they were able to help themselves to learn how to use the computers.
CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDDATION Summary: In the previous chapter of this study found out that the computer has no harmful effects to the students it also provide some knowledge of how to use the computer which is very much important and also with this study the students learn how to use ad make this machines very much important in the high school so that is not hard for them to operate the machine because they were having a part of operate it. Also found out that the students really enjoying themselves to study more about computers and gaining more perfect knowledge in computer machines. The effects of using computers is not really bad, it will give knowledge and give some information regarding the correct usage of computers. That is why more than a half of the respondents believe there is no bad effect of using computer which is required to their school.
Conclusion: With this study about Assessment of Using Computer to the High School students BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL most of he students believe that this computer helps them to teach the proper and correct procedures of how to use the computer machines. And the other found out that there is no important rather than in creating a new ideas in using computers and this computers are not only in school but also useful in industry and in the community. There is no disadvantages only the youth has been addicted to the counter strike and internet, but others helps to provide knowledge such as getting some information by making an internet. Therefore, computer is not really affected the study of the students and it will help them to improved their skills in compute typing.
Recommendation: This study is recommended to the following: 1. To the students who are not really interested in computer subject. 2. To the DEPED (Department of Education) which including this subject as an academic; 3. To the parents encourage their children to study more about computers. 4. To industries to have more computer machines here in our country.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Asnar Alma, The use of Computer in School, New York 1990 Zeus, Alexander, The Computer and its benefits, Macmillan Publishing House, 1998 Internet, The Computer Machines and Development, Cyber Café, March 20, 2000.
Literature reveals the deepest thoughts and feelings of the human race, cherishes the ideals that lie at the basis of all that we hold to be the most precious in our world and helps us to understand more fully the complex life that we have to live. It is in literature and the arts that are reflected the emotions, the hopes and fears, and the aspirations of human beings. In literature one may draw the real scenario of man’s life – the bliss and success he enjoys, coupled with depression, fear and frustrations which may serve as challenge for him. Short story is one art form that mirrors man’s life. At this point, writers can really project through their works such qualities of man having a great concern of his free will, being a possessor of values like strength, hope, endurance and determination to preserve all the expressions of emotions in the sea life. Man possesses the freedom to have his own choice of action of what he desires to be. Hence, he functions as an individual, develops as an individual, experiences intense feelings as an individual and dies as an individual. Literature itself is life. It is the very essence of life that stays forever. It is the written expression of man’s emotions. It pictures his inner self which is not visible to the naked eye. It reveals his highest expression, of his contact with others and the customs and traditions of the society to which he belongs.
Background of the Study Literature is a reflection of life and the embodiment of thoughts, feelings and aspirations of the people. As such, the short story being a literary genre in itself mirrors he life and times of the people.
The power of literature is like a glowing torch. It can penetrate deeper into the inner thoughts and feelings of man. A power which history cannot do for it can only reach the external side of things. Some Filipino writers like Yolando V. Tomeldan believed that “life illumines literature just as literature illumines life.” Literature was invented to give us a slice of life to entertain or disturb us, to make us think or feel and discover our humanity. It presents all aspects of human behavior and it gives us an insight and interpretation of our human race.
Statement of the Problem
This study is an attempt to identify the social values portrayed in the ten (10) selected short stories written by Filipino authors. Specifically it seeks to answer the following questions: 1. How can social values be determined in short stories written by Filipino authors? 2. What social values are portrayed in each short story? 3 What approaches are used by the authors in the presentation of the social values? 4. What possible reasons do short story writers have in presenting social values? 5. How can short story help in preserving social values of the readers?
Assumptions
This study was based on the following assumptions: 1. That literature is a reflection of life and the embodiment of the thoughts, feelings, and aspirations of the people. 2. That a person’s image is a natural offshoot of his personal and moral values. 3. That literary techniques and devices are effective tools for the transmission of the
writer’s message to his readers. 4. That short story being a literary genre in itself mirrors the life and times of the people.
Hypothesis
This hypothesis is based on the premise that values portrayed in short stories exist in the real life of a person.
Significance of the Study
Since time began, the subject of man has already been written on and discussed in many writings. In this regard, literature is the most vocal and articulate piece of art in filling out and telling the facts about mankind. One importance of this study points to the fact that the short story, like any other forms of writings, comes closer to bring a real representation of life. Another point of importance is to bring about the significance of created images, characters and actions which are made for people to understand more fully what life is. Moreover, the researcher of this paper hopes that this study may be of help to a better appreciation of literature particularly short stories.
Definition of Terms
For common frame of reference and for the purpose of this study, the following terms and phrases are hereby operationally defined: 1. Action. It is the physical interaction between characters, or between characters and environment. 2. Culture . It is the sum total of man’s thinking and doing. 3. Endurance. It refers to the ability of any human being to stand pain, sufferings,
fatigue, and threats to his life. 4. Existence. It is a subjective quality applied to human reality. 5. Fiction. It is any writing that is made up or imagined, especially a prose narrative. 6. Frustration. It is an emotion experienced by a person when a need is not satisfied. 7. Human Values. It is the standard set to uplift the dignity or interest of a human being for self-fulfilment and respectability. 8. Literature. It is the expression of life. It is the written records of man’s beliefs, thoughts, emotions and aspirations. 9. Setting. It refers to the time and place in which events in a short story occur. 10. Short Story. As defined by Edgar Allan Poe, a short story is a piece of fiction dealing with a single incident that can be read at a single seating. 11. Socio-Cultural Values. They refer to the cultural patterns which direct the socialization of the members of a society accordingly. 12. Symbols. Any object, person, place or action that has a meaning in itself and that also stands for something larger than itself, such as a quality, an attitude, a belief in a value. 13. Teaching. It may be regarded as a process of involving an interaction between observable activities on the part of the student. 14. Theme. The term refers to a conviction about the real world you live in, and it may be stated in several ways. This also refers to the general idea embodied in a short story. 15. Values. The term refers to the intrinsic worth of a thing.
The researcher has come across several studies on Philippine literature dealing with the short stories in English. The short stories written in English several years ago and used as subjects in the study conducted, enlightened and helped this researcher a lot in the analysis of the stories included in this study.
Related Studies
In the researcher’s visits to the Graduate School Library of Olivarez Colleges and other graduate School libraries, she did not find a study which is exactly similar to this study. However, she came across some analytical studies on the same problem or topic, but they differ in focus, in source of materials, and in the over-all treatment of the study. Tepace (2006) in his thesis entitled, “The Image of the Filipino Woman as Reflected in Fifteen Selected Short Stories Representing Three Periods in Philippine Literature in English: An Analysis “ focused on the image and values of the Filipino woman as depicted by the leading characters of the short stories he chose. Although this study is similar to Tepace’s study in the identification of values, this study differs from that of Tepace’s because it analyzed stories that portray social values of both man and woman. In a study entitled, “Existential Elements Depicted in Filipino values, Customs and Traditions as Revealed in Selected Palanca Award Winning Short Stories,” a doctoral dissertation of Untalan (2001) points out that despite the existential characteristics of Filipinos like despair, anguish, abandonment and loss of identity that the characters may reveal in the short stories, still values are demonstrated through the positive tenets of existentialism. The study concluded also that the personality. Traits, values and other aspects of the Filipinos are chiefly conditioned by the existing milieu. Another related study “The Principal Characteristics in Selected Palanca Award Winning Short Stories in English: A Critical Analysis,” by Santiago (2002) puts emphasis on the best stories awarded prizes by the Palanca Award.
In addition to these studies, the researcher came across a wide range of information on such themes as “literature as mirror of the values of man” and “literature as an expression of society.” When one reads literature, life unveils itself in its many dimensions – beliefs, emotions, pains, joys, anguish, and glorious that makes up the litany of earthly endeavours. As it is read, the elemental values in it are relieved and reviewed for all the delightful assurance that the world is always beautiful with them, even with the occasional ugly sprites of life. Loria (2006) supports the assumption that values are transmitted through literature. In her article entitled “The Role of Literature in Transmitting Values,” she explains that the moral virtues that lend to good life are all in the stories that mirror our beliefs. The writers record these and dress them with artistry and as their work linger in, the readers catch the message of the writer that men may go through revolution and natural changes, but the basic truths and elemental values that they believed in are preserved and passed on. According to Hilgard (1975), attitude and values are required as a vital part of being introduced into the ways of society. In his book “Introduction to Psychology,” he said that both values and attitudes may be considered to be the psychological representation of social influence retained by the individual. The concept of attitude is important in social psychology, in that, it sums up the past experiences of the individual to account for the present action. Panganiban (1973), states that the literature that lives and lasts from any age is that which expresses man’s emotional reactions to his daily struggle for existence. He also points out that the literature of the Filipinos, oral or written, is the verbal expression of affection of the people with the facts of daily life social practices and religious beliefs.
This chapter presents a brief discussion of the research methodology, instruments, and data analysis used in this study.
Research Design
For the purpose of this research, the descriptive and analytical methods will be extensively employed. The study will be focused primarily on the critical analysis of the social values portrayed in the selected ten (10) short stories written by Filipino authors.
Sources of Data
The ten (10) selected short stories will be taken from the book of Roseburg (1966) entitled “Pathways to Philippine Literature in English.” These were all Palanca Award winning stories and were given special recognition in the field of literature particularly in Filipino literature.
The ten chosen stories to be analyzed are the following:
1. Footnote to Youth Jose Garcia Villa 2. How My Brother Leon Manuel E. Arguilla Brought Home a Wife 3. Scent of Apples Bienvenido N. Santos 4. As Long as the Grass Carlos Bulosan Shall Grow 5. The Bread of Salt N.V.M. Gonzales 6. The Summer Solstice Nick Joaquin 7. A Christmas Memoir Carmen Guerrero Nakpil 8. Now and at the Hour Aida L. Rivera 9. Graduation F. Sionil Jose 10. The Stranger I.V. Mallari
The short stories selected for this study were originally written by Filipino authors. All these stories portray social values that exist in the real life of a person.
Instrument Used
This study will utilize the documentary analysis technique which involves perusal of all printed materials that have direct relation to the topic under study. Here, the materials both the primary and secondary will be gathered and studied carefully and organized systematically. The primary source that will be analyzed are the texts of the selected stories, while the secondary sources are articles, and reading selections from reference books, journals, magazines that have some bearing on the nature of this study. Unpublished materials, such as theses and dissertations which are related to this study are the other secondary sources to be used in this study.
Treatment of Data A brief discussion or background information on specific values will precede the interpretation and analysis of the subject included in this study to help the reader understand with facility the interpretation or analysis of the texts. In the course of analysis and interpretation relevant situations passages and quotations will be provided to show the development of the social values of man as depicted in the selected short stories included in this study. The literary techniques and devices used by the authors in bringing out social values will be printed out and discussed before the analysis and interpretation.
3. Hilgard, Ernest R. et. al. Introduction to Psychology. Newyork: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Inc., 1975.
4. Lopez, Salvador P. Literature and Society. Manila: Philippine Book Guild, 1940.
5. Loria, Josephine F. “The Role of Literature in Transmitting Values,” In Literature and Society. Los Banos: The Philippine American Foundation and the American Studies Association of the Philippines, 1976.
B. ARTICLES
1. Antillon, Loline M. “History of Literature,” MLQU Graduate School Journal, Vol. XVI, No. 1-2, 1987.
2. Bautista, Cirilo F. “Literature as History.” Philippine Studies, Vol. XXXVI, 1988.
3. Lopez, Nonoy M. “Filipino Women in Quest for Deal E en in Reel,” The Clique Women’s Magazine, Vol. 2 No. 2, June 1993.
4. Smith, Nancy R. “For Every Woman,” Philippine Development, Vol. XX, No. 1, March –April 1993.
5. Tayao, Ma. Lourdes G.“Recurring Themes in Literature, a Source of Value Statements,” The MST, Vol. XVI, No. 1-4, 1981.
C. UNPUBLISHED THESES / DISSERTATIONS
1. Arevalo, Lina T. “Symbolic Rituals in Selected African Prose Selection: An Interpretative Study,” Manuel L. Quezon University, Manila, 1980.
2. Arreola, Remedios V. “The Psychological Truism in Selected Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature Winning Plays From 1953-1973,” Manuel L. Quezon University, Manila 1991.
3. Estimo, Rodolfo Jr. “The Relevance of Salvador P. Lopez’s Literary Doctrine “ Arts is a Means to an End” to Selected Works in Contemporary Pilipino Literature in English,” Manuel L. Quezon University, Manila, 1994.
4. Manansala, Daisy. “Human Rights as Revealed in Selected Palanca Award Winning Short Stories: An Analysis,” Manuel L. Quezon University, Manila, 1994.
5. Tepace, Ernesto. “The Image and Values of the Filipino Woman as Reflected in Fifteen Selected Short Stories Representing Three Periods in Philippine Literature In English: An Analysis,” Manuel L. Quezon University, Manila, 1996.
Values Shown The Ten Selected Short Stories 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 T 1. Art and Beauty 2. Chastity 3. Concern for Others 4. Courage 5. Decency 6. Devotions to Duty 7. Dignity 8. Faith 9. Endurance 10. Flexibility 11. Health 12. Honesty 13. Industry 14. Loyalty 15. Modesty 16. Obedience 17. Religiosity 18. Responsible Parenthood
Values Shown The Ten Selected Short Stories 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T 19. Self-esteem 20. Self-knowledge 21. Self-sacrifice 22. Self-reliance 23. Simplicity 24. Social Justice 25. Truth
Total
The Selected Short Stories: 1. Footnote to Youth 2. How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife 3. Scent of Apples 4. As Long as the Grass Shall Grow 5. The Bread of Salt 6. The Summer Solstice 7. A Christmas Memoir 8. Now and at the Hour 9. Graduation 10. The Stranger APPENDIX B THE LITERARY TECHNIQUES AND DEVICES USED BY THE WRITERS
The Ten Selected Short Stories 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 T
1. Flashback 2. Narration 3. Description 4. Dialogue 5. Stream-of-consciousness 6. Symbolism 7. Foreshadowing 8. Implication 9. Humor 10. Double Meaning 11. Dream Sequence 12. Figure of Speech 13. Juxtaposition 14. Parallelism 15. Repetition 16. Sarcasm 17. Third Person Point -of -View 18. First Person Point -of – View
APPRAISAL OF THE DEGREE ON THE COMPREHENSION SKILLS THROUGH READING RECOVERY PLAN OF GRADE VI PUPILS OF SAN ANTONIO - SILVERIO COMPOUND ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN FIRST SEMESTER 2012-2013
A Thesis Presented To DR. EDMAR ORATA Advance Statistics OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
By MRS. CRISTY R. DELA CRUZ Master of Arts in Education
ABSTRACT
This research study entitled study entitled “Appraisal of the Degree on the Comprehension Skills Through Reading Recovery Plan Of Grade VI Pupils of San Antonio - Silverio Compound Elementary School in First Semester 2012-2013”was conducted in order to determine the degree of the reading comprehension skills among the respondents in the area of nothing details, making inference, and sequencing ideas through PHIL-IRI. This is a descriptive type of research which used the convenient sampling under the non-random type of sampling method. Three sets of questionnaires were used as statistical tools respectively. It was found out in this study after the data gathered were consolidated, tabulated, and analysed that the respondent degree of reading comprehension in the area of nothing details is frustration, while the area of making inference is instructional, whereas, in the area of sequencing ideas falls also under instructional category. Finally it was also found out that the most difficult area in reading comprehension is the nothing details.
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction Reading comprehension is one of the areas in the English wherein pupils have a very low rate of improvement. There are several factors which can be traced as the cause of this slow rate of improvement. According to Luisa Raymundo in the Teacher’s Forum (2002), one factors is the limited supply of reading material from Department of Education. No matter how efficient a teacher does his job in teaching his pupil how to read, the result is minimal, compared to the product of exclusive schools. Teachers in public elementary schools rely fully in the book supplied by the Department of Education. These books are not enough if the goal is to produce an excellent product. Private elementary school teachers on the other hand do not rely on single textbooks, they have resources considering their high rate of tuition fees in providing their pupils with achievers. Another factors is the lack of reading material at the pupil’s home. This is specially true in the rural areas, specifically, with those families who belong to the “below poverty” level in the community. It is not surprising if an visitor can not find any reading material in the said homes. Even an above average pupil will become an underachievers in reading if there is no available reading material at home. Parent’s poor education is also is also another factor which affects the degree of the pupil’s reading comprehension. Parents are supposed to teach their children how to read during their free time but how can they do this if they themselves do not know how to read? The last factors is the environment which include the teacher, his strategies in teaching, and the learning atmosphere. There are just but some of the factors which affect the degree of the pupil’s reading comprehension.
Significance of the Study The significance of the study are enumerated as follows: 1. It would provide teachers in higher grade information on the degree of the respondent’s reading comprehension skills. 2. It would provide parents information pertaining to the progress of their children in terms of reading comprehension. 3. It would provide future researchers data need as references for other studies related with this problem. 4. It would provide the community with information regarding the performance of school teachers in terms of teaching pupils how to read with comprehension.
Statement of the Problem This research study seeks to find the degree of reading comprehension among grade six pupils of San Antonio – Silverio Compound Elementary School. Specifically, it attempts to answer the following question: 1. What is the degree of the respondent’s reading comprehension in the areas of nothing details? 2. What is the degree of the respondent’s reading comprehension in the areas of making inference? 3. What is the degree of the reading comprehension skills of the respondents in terms of sequencing ideas? 4. What is the difficult area in reading comprehension among the respondents?
Hypotheses Based on the problem in the study, the authors made the following assumption: 1. The respondents’ degree of reading comprehension skills in the area of nothing details would fall on the “”Poor” level of category in the rating scale. 2. The respondents’ degree of reading comprehension skill in the area of making inference would fall on the “Poor” level category in the rating scale. 3. The respondents’ degree of reading comprehension in the area of sequencing ideas would also fall under the “Fair” level of category in the rating scale. 4. Nothing details would be the most difficult area for the respondents in the reading comprehension.
Scope and Delimitation The research study was conducted in San Antonio –Silverio Compound Elementary School with the grade six pupils serving as respondents. It is limited only in the degree of reading comprehension, specifically, in the areas of nothing details, making inference, and sequencing ideas.
Definition of Terms Comprehension Is the degree of the pupils understanding of the meaning of Sentence or passage that is being read. Appraisal. Is the act of determining the degree of pupils’ reading Comprehension. Skills. Is the degree of the pupils’ ability in reading. Reading. Is the pupils act of extracting the meaning in written word Sentence or passage.
Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Foreign Literature According to Mary Austin in Modular Preparation in Reading (1974), there are two components of reading, the first is often called decoding and the second is often called comprehending. They are both necessary for competent reading. Although most people learn to read well enough to understand newspaper stories and follow common instruction. Others read well enough highly technical documents and to acquire new information and skills from the written materials. The purpose of reading education is to help less competent readers whether they are just children beginning to read or adolescents or adults who need to improve their reading to acquire greater facility with both decoding and comprehending aspects of reading. (Grolier Encyclopedia,1997). As cited by William Gray in on their own reading. New York , Scott, Foreman and Co.,(1997), reading education refers to activities designed to teach individuals how to comprehend the meaning of the written text. When reading a passage such as this one, component readers rapidly and smoothly focus on successive groups of words and can nearly immediately summarize what those words mean. Closer analysis of the actions of component readers reveals that they rapidly convent written symbols into more familiar spoken language from which they can comprehend the meaning of the text. Word is one way for the older students to improve reading ability. This involves using a dictionary and thesaurus, studying word Parts, and learning how to find the meaning of the word from the context. Because a mature reader must have several reading rates available for different material and purpose, practice in skimming a passage for general meaning and scanning for specific information is useful.(Jeanne S. Chall and Steven Stahl, 1978). Local Literature According to DepEd MEMORANDUM No. 143 , s.2012 entitled Assessment of Reading in Public Elementary Schools. Reading is the foundation for all academic learning. If the pupils fall to master the basic skills, they can never hope to get through the other disciplines successfully and thereby, deprive them of becoming literate and productive individuals. Literacy improvement is a high priority for the Department of Education (DepEd) and for the Philippine government. According to Araceli Villamin in Innovative Strategies In Teaching Reading, Quezon City; Phoenix Publishing House (1984), the reading of written or printed symbols had its origin in the very remote past. At first, man used pictures and characters to convey messages and to record events William Gray (1939), discovered from several researches that the art of interpreting theses characters and of teaching others to do so developed concurrently. The transition from the use of pictures through the use of letters representing specific sounds was slow and gradual. The art of reading and writing improved through the years. Consequently, it became natural that they should acquire a significant place in the education of advanced and progressive nations. (Aracelli M. Villamin, 1978). Reading makes us well informed. It is a means of gaining access to various areas of knowledge. Students, Because of their limited experience are usually guided as to what reading material maybe appropriate to them. The guidance they get hopes to be reflected with their own reading choices outside the school. (Angelita Romero, 1987).
Justification The authors in this research conducted this study with the intention of determining the degree of reading comprehension of the respondents. The purpose why it is conducted is to comply with the DepEd Reading Recovery Plan and determine the problem for intervention.
Research Design This study used a descriptive method. Specifically, survey method was used by the researcher in obtaining the needed data through the administration of a prepared questionnaires.
Samples and Sampling Techniques Factual and relevant data in this study were taken from Grade VI pupils of San Antonio – Silverio Compound Elementary School serving as respondents. Convenient sampling was used under the non-random category from four sections of grade six where all pupils present during the administration of the questionnaires were used as samples.
Instrumentation The researchers administered three (3) sets of questionnaires on the respondents. These questionnaires enabled the authors to gather and analyze data taht would determine the degree of the respondents reading comprehension skills.
Research Procedure In conducting this study, the researcher first formulated three sets of questionnaires, which were submitted to the School English Coordinator and by which the English Coordinator seek the approval of the Guidance counsellor and the School head. Te questionnaires were then given to the respondents for answering inorder to appraise the respondent degree of reading comprehension skills. All data obtained from the respondents were recorded, and tabulated for appropriate statistical treatment and analysis. The Respondents The respondents in this study are all the Grade VI pupils of San Antonio – Silverio Compound Elementary School located at Purok 4 Silverio Compound, Barangay San Isidro, Parañaque City.
Statistical Treatment The researcher in this study used the following statistical tools in the analysis of the gathered data; Percentage Distribution P = NCR/NCA X 100 Where : P = Percentage NCR= Number of Respondents NCA= Number of Correct Answers 100 = Constant This statistical tool was used to determine the percentage of the respondents correct answers over the number of items. Four point rating scale Rating Scale Degree of Comprehension Skills 80% & Above Independent 75% - 79% Instructional 74% & below Frustration Can not read even single word Non-Reader
This statistical tool was used in order to appraise the respondents degree of reading comprehension skills.
Chapter IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The chapter presents the results, discussions, analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in the answers to the problem presented in Chapter I. Based on the data gathered by the researcher regarding the respondents’ degree of reading comprehension skills in the terms of noting details, the following results were generated.
Table I. Table showing the percentage of respondents’ correct answer. (See questionnaires A)
No. Of Item No. of Correct Answer Number of Respondents Percentage 1 80 193 41.45% 2 86 193 44.56% 3 72 193 37.31% 4 92 193 47.67% 5 80 193 41.45%
In item number one (1), eighty (80) out of 193 respondents or 41.45% got the correct answer. In item number 2, eighty-six (86) out of 193 respondents got the correct answer which is equivalent to 44.56%. In item number 3, seventy-two (72), or 37.31% respondents only got a correct answer. In item number 4, Ninety-two (92) or 47.67% got the correct answer. In number 5, eighty (80) 0r 41.45% respondents out of 193 got the correct answer. This figure give an average of 42.49%, which fall under “frustration” category in the rating scale.
Table 2. Showing the percentage of the respondents’ correct answers. (see questionnaire B) No. of Item No. of Correct answer Number of Respondents Percentage 1 141 193 73.10% 2 139 193 72.02% 3 143 193 74.10% 4 144 193 74.61% 5 159 193 81.86%
In item number 1, one hundred forty-one (141) or 73.10% of the respondents got the correct answer. In item number 2, one hundred thirty-nine (139) or 72.02% got the corret answer. In item 3, one hundred forty-three (143) of the respondents got the correct answer or equivalent to 74.10%. In item number 4, one hundred forty-four (144) of the same respondents got the corret answers. And in item number 5, one hundred fifty-nine (159) or 81.86% of the respondents got the correct answer. The total average in these items falls under the “instructional” category of the respondents’ degree of reading comprehension under the area of making inference.
Table 3. Showing the percentage of the respondents’ correct answers. (see questionnaire C) No. of Item No. of Correct answer Number of Respondents Percentage 1 149 193 77.20% 2 147 193 76.17% 3 143 193 74.10% 4 144 193 74.61% 5 146 193 75.65% Average.................................................................................................................75.55%
In item number 1, one hundred forty-nine (141) or 77.20%% of the respondents got the correct answer. In item number 2, one hundred forty-seven (147) or 76.17% got the correct answer. In item 3, one hundred forty-three (143) of the respondents got the correct answer or equivalent to 74.10%. In item number 4, one hundred forty-four (144) of the same respondents got the correct answers. And in item number 5, one hundred forty-six (146) or 75.65% of the respondents got the correct answer. The total average in these items falls under the “instructional” category of the respondents’ degree of reading comprehension under the area of making inference.
Chapter V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary This study entitled “Appraisal of the Degree of Comprehension Skills Through Reading Recovery Plan Of Grade VI Pupils of San Antonio - Silverio Compound Elementary School in First Semester 2012-2013”. Was conducted to appraise the degree of reading comprehension skills of the respondents in the area of nothing details, making inference, and sequencing of ideas.
Major Findings Based on the results obtained from the careful analysis of the gathered data, the following findings were established; 1. The respondents degree of reading comprehension skills under the area of nothing details is “frustration”. 2. The respondents degree of reading comprehension skills under the area of making inference is “instructional”. 3. The respondents degree of reading comprehension skills under the area of sequencing events is “instructional”, category. 4. Nothing details is the most difficult area for the respondents in the reading comprehension aspect in the English Subject.
Conclusion Based on the findings established from this study, the researcher conclude that the respondents’ degree of reading comprehension skills in the area of nothing details is “Frustration”. They conclude also that respondents’
degree of making inference is “instructional”. Lastly the researcher conclude also that the respondents’ degree of reading comprehension skills in the area of sequencing ideas falls under the “instructional” category. Finally, she conclude also that the most difficult area in the reading comprehension for the respondents is nothing details.
Recommendation As a results in the findings in this study, researcher hereby recommend the following: 1. Teachers in reading must concentrate more in the area of nothing details, since it is the must difficult area in reading comprehension. 2. Textbooks in reading must contains more exercises specially in the nothing details. Making inference, and sequencing events that the almost fall into frustration too. 3. Teachers in reading must be patient in dealing with pupils who show lack of interest in reading. 4. Teachers must not rely fully in government issued textbooks but must be resourceful i providing more exercises aside from the content of their own issued textbooks.
Action Research I. Introduction Reading is one of the most important skills one has to develop in an early stage of his education. A pupil cannot perform well inside the classroom, will not get high scores in tests or even follow simple written instruction if he has not develop the reading skill. To achieve quality instruction inside the classroom, the pupils should have acquired the reading for his grade level. It has always been a problem for the reading teacher how to group his pupils according to their reading level. The teacher has to know the reading level of his pupils before conducting the lessons so that he can get started properly. So, the Phil-IRI is a very great help for the teacher to identify the reading level of his pupils. This is the very reason why the researcher used this as her basis to conduct this research to identify the reading level of the Grade III – 5pupils of Col. E. De Leon Elementary School. II. Objectives The main objective of this research is to identify the reading level of the Grade III-5 pupils of Col. E. De Leon Elementary School. She wants to determine the reading level of her pupils. III. Scope and Delimitation This research was administered to identify the reading level of the Grade III-5 pupils of Col. E. De Leon Elementary School. It involved 58 students officially enrolled in that particular section, school year 2012-2013.
IV. Methods of the Study The descriptive method was used by the researcher to identify the reading level of the Grade III-5 pupils in Col. E. De Leon Elementary School. This method is the most fitted method since it perceives the current situation. The main instrument used in the collection of data was the ready-made diagnostic test which is the Phi-IRI from the Department of Education. This is the tool that the reading teachers used to identify the reading level of their pupils. No sampling figure was employed because all the pupils enrolled in the Grade III-5 were involved. For the treatment of the data, the researcher used frequency and percentage. V. Findings After the statistical analysis of the data gathered from the diagnostic test (Phil-IRI) the answer to the specific objective was drawn. What is the reading level of the pupils in Grade III-5 at Col. E. De Leon Elementary School? Table I shows the result of the diagnostic test of the Grade III-5 pupils in Col. E. De Leon Elementary School.
Table I Diagnostic Test Result in Reading of the Grade III-5 Pupils Percentile Score Frequency Percentage 90 and above 0 0% 80 - 89 11 19% 75 - 79 7 12% 74 and below 40 96%
As revealed in Table I, as in the test administered, there were 11 or 19 percent who top scored 80 to 89. This score group was followed by seven (7) or 12 percent who got a percentile score of 75 to 79. Forty (40) pupils or 96 percent got a 74 and below percentile score. This shows that the pupils in Grade III section 5 belongs to the group with low reading level, which if explained further would mean that the reading ability of the pupils is not yet sufficient for the grade three level.
Table II Reading Level Description Percentile Score Description 90 and above Independent in Advance Level 80 - 89 Independent 75 - 79 Instructional 74 and below Frustration
Table II shows that according to the result shown in Table I, 40 pupils or 96 percent of the class belong to the frustration group which mean that most of the pupils in this group needs in-school remediation daily plus extra time off school. Only seven (7) pupils or 12 percent are in dependent reader and eleven (11) or 19 percent are instructional reader which means it only needs 30 minutes in-school remediation. This tends to show that the pupils need rigid remediation activities and other innovations to develop their reading skill for the grade level. VI. Conclusions In the light of the findings of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The Grade III-5 pupils have insufficient reading skills for the grade level. 2. Most of the pupils belong to the frustration reading level. VII. Recommendations The following recommendations are humbly suggested on the findings and conclusions: 1. Double effort for the teacher to conduct remedial reading class. 2. Provide more reading exercises such as APAW, ASAD, DEAR, and regular reading of the basic sight words. 3. Remedial measures inside the classroom should be implemented such as peer teaching to utilize the better and able pupils in reading. 4. Give the pupils re4ading kits for them to read at home so that parents have something to be used in making a reading follow-up at home. 5. Seek the help of the parents to do a follow-up reading at home.
“BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS COMMONLY SHOWN BY THE STUDENTS OF MOONWALK NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL AS USUALLY ENCOUNTERED BY THE TEACHERS AND ITS EFFECTS IN THEIR STUDIES”
A Research Paper Presented to Dr. Edmar Orata In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Advanced Statistics
Melanie Trajano-Garcia MAED-GC
Academic Year 2011-2012
INTRODUCTION
In recent years there are studies that focused on the key factors that promote academic success among students whose characteristics and school circumtances place them at high risk of failure. Literature largely supports the positive role that the students’ attitudes and behaviors play to improve academic achievement. Student motivation is also significantly influenced by a supportive network of relationships. These are their teachers, family and friends as supportive. The factors that are against the youth of today such as, lack of family upbringing, dysfunctional families, peer pressure, lack of respect from those in authority towards the students. Many are looked down upon and told that they are no good and will never belong. When this happens, there are scapegoat where they feel the sense of belongingness, the gangs, fraternities, sororities and peers rather than their families or even teachers.
In this examine, that the researcher want to know why some students in Moonwalk National High School have just taken for granted their studies. The concept of this topic is to introduce to all as well as the teachers the causes and factors that contribute to students’ acquisition of unpleasant behaviors.
The youth of today, is the future of our country. Everyone needs to belong and to be loved. If you do not show them this, then someone else will. Take a stand. Reach out to the youth. Do not be a bystander.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. What are some untoward behavioral problems commonly manifested by the students? 2. What are the reasons for the existence of such behavioral problems by the students? 3. What effects do these behavioral problems have in their studies?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The study covered sixty (60) students, male and female, from Grade 7 to Fourth year level of Moonwalk National High School, school year 2012 – 2013.
It concerns about the effects of the behavioral problem of students in their studies as observed by their teachers.
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
This particular chapter involved the research methodology, respondents of the study, sources of data, and statistical methods.
A. Research Design The descriptive method was used to be able to evaluate the behavioral problems commonly shown by the students of Moonwalk National High School as usually encountered by the teachers and its effect in theis studies.
B. Respondents of the Study The sixty students from Grade 7 to Fourth year, male and female of Moonwalk National High School used as sample respondents. It dealt in the survey, questionnaires method in determining the effects of their inappropriate behavior toward their studies.
C. Research Instrument Primary sources of data were obtained using the self-made questionnaire which is patterened to suit the questions being laid down in the statement of the problem.
D. Administration of the Instrument The questionnaires were distributed to sixty respondents. Copies were reproduced and given to each respondent with the help of their subject teachers.
E. Statistical Treatment of Data The data obtained from the result of the questionnaires. The sixty students answered the questionnaires and the researcher retrieved them, analyzed and studied it for presentation and interpretation. The statistical method of data was undergone the method of using Simple percentage distributions with the formula of:
FINDINGS PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA TABLE I FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS PROFILE ACCORDING TO AGE
Profile Frequency Percentage (%)
1. Age
12 – 14 years old
15 – 18 years old
Total
27
33
60
45%
55%
100%
The respondents’ age are presented in the above Table 1, where 27 or 45 percent of them ages 12-14 years old and 33 or 55% of them belongs to 15-18 years old. This implies their adjustment towards their environment.
TABLE 2 PERCENTAGE OF SOME BEHAVIORAL PROBLEM THAT STUDENTS COMMONLY MANIFEST Specific Question Number 1: What are some behavioral problems do you commonly observe or manifest? Behavioral Problem that Students commonly manifest Frequency Percentage
Disrespectfulness
26
44%
Hyperactivity
20
33%
bullying
14
23%
Based on the responses from 60 students, 26 or 44% agreed on disrespectfulness as the commonly observed or manifested behavioral problem. 20 or 33% chose hyperactivity and 14 or 23% replied about bullying. Therefore, this means that more of the students observe and manifest disrespectfulness as usually encountered by their teachers.
TABLE 3 PERCENTAGES OF CAUSES FOR THE EXISTENCE OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEM
Specific Question No.2: What do you think are the causes or reasons for the existence of such problem? Reasons or causes for the existence of behavioral problem Frequency Percentage
Family upbringing 27 45%
Lack of interest in studies 26 43%
Peer pressure 7 14%
Based on the responses from the 60 students, 27 or 45% agreed that the existence of such problems is affected by the family or upbringing, 26 or 43% was able to disclose the fact that they are lack of interest in studies and 7 or 12% belonged to peer pressure.
TABLE 4 PERCENTAGE OF EFFECTS WILL THOSE PROBLEMS HAVE IN THEIR STUDIES Specific Question No.3: What effects do these behavioral problems have in their studies?
Effects of Behavioral problems in their studies Frequency Percentage
Results in having failing grades 34 57%
Can not achieve the goals in life 14 23%
Teachers may get mad at them 12 20%
Based on the responses from 60 students, 34 or 57% agreed that those problems will results of having failing grades, 14 or 23% can see that they can not achieve their goals in life, and only 12 or 20% thought that some teachers may get mad at them. Therefore, more of the students found out that they will suffer of having failing grades as the worst effect of practicing behavioral problem.
CONCLUSION
Based on the result of the study the following conclusions were drawn:
1. Disrespectfulness is the behavioral problem most commonly manifested among the students of Moonwalk Nationa High School.
2. The way the students brought up or their upbringing, the reason
behind having behavioral problems.
3. Students rated that their problems may result to failing grades.
RECOMMENDATION
1. There should be an organized programs and seminars on how they will enhance their attitude towards their encountered problems regardless weather if it’s a school or a family problem. 2. The guidance counselor of the said school where the students study should know their duties and responsibilities to the students. They should be open and accommodating most especially when the students need counseling. Enhancement on their skills and trainings should be needed.
3. The said school should be open for further study or research on the said topic, and they should also be open for changes to have a solution to the problem.
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
ReplyDeleteDr. Arcadio Santos Avenue, Sucat Road Parañaque City
1700 National Capital Region
ACTION
RESEARCH
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in
ADVANCED STATISTICS
Submitted by:
Gerald M. Tayag
MAED
Submitted to:
Dr. Edmar Orata
INTRODUCTION
Mathematics is an important component of the school curriculum. It plays a big part in our daily lives like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and so on are used in our daily activities.
From the advent of civilization, man learn to count using stones and beads. In the earliest civilization, barter-system was used. Now-a-days, all day to day transactions in a multi-national or national companies involve mathematical operations .
From poor to rich, all have to some how use mathematics in their real lives. Consider a housewife, who has to run her house in the given budget. She divides money according to her needs and estimates about the expenses and then spends it according her range. The literal meaning of mathematics is "Things which can be counted", now you can think that counting has vital role in our daily life, just imagine if there were no mathematics at all, how it would be possible for us to count days, months and years. Moreover, it is also believed that 'Mathematics is the mother of all sciences'. This also shows us that all the sciences that are evolved have a sound foundation in mathematics, if we go further in debate it would be justified to say that the blessings of all these modern sciences and technologies are only possible with mathematics.
Mathematics is very important for life since it helps us to quantify all the visible and invisible things with which we are dealing in daily life. It is human nature that they do not have complete confidence in the subjective or relative things, in the modern day of today the objective things are preferred and trusted more than the subjective things. Mathematics helps us to have an objective view of the different things we are dealing with. It helps us in making calculations about the things which are not physically developed like for buildings before construction.
In school setting, the researcher has observed that most of his students are experiencing learning difficulties in Mathematics. To mention a few, there is: inability to develop a plan for solution and inability to carry-out mathematical working problems into working mathematical equations and/or formulas (Mina, 2005); the basic skills inability to comprehend ad solve mathematical problem (Diaz, 2007).
As Math Teacher, the researcher became interested in pursuing this action research to identify and analyze the mathematical difficulties of Grade six Section 5 students from Fourth Estate Elementary School. It is the researchers desire to improve students performance in Mathematics.
OBJECTIVES:
ReplyDeleteThe main objective of this study is to analyze the mathematical difficulties of the Grade Six Section 5 students of Fourth Estate Elementary School. Specifically, it seeks to:
1. determine the periodic test performance of the Grade Six Section 5 students of Fourth Estate Elementary School;
2. identify the strengths an weaknesses of the Grade Six Section 5 students of
Fourth Estate Elementary School based on their periodic test; and
3. identify the least mastered skills in the competencies that need review and remediation exercises
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study was conducted in Fourth Estate Elementary School in this school year 2012-2013. It involves 56 Grade Six Section 5 students with difficulties in the First Periodic Test. The present study identified the strengths and weaknesses of the students in areas of “Comprehension of Whole Numbers”, “Decimals”, “Addition and Subtraction of Decimals”, and “Multiplication of Decimals”.
METHODS OF STUDY
The descriptive method was utilized by the researcher to analyze the mathematical difficulties encountered by Grade Six Section 5 students of Fourth Estate Elementary School.
The main source of data was the First Periodic Test in Grade Six offered in this school year 2012-2013. The difficulties of the students were analyzed based on their test results.
For the treatment of data, the researcher used frequency count, percentage, ranking, arithmetic mean and standard deviation.
FINDINGS:
After the statistical analysis of the data gathered from the periodic test, the following answers to the specific objectives are drawn.
1. How did the Grade Six Section 1 students performed the periodic test?
Table 1
Periodic Test Results of Grade Six Section 5 Students
in Mathematics
Score Frequency Percentage
12-16 2 4
17-21 13 2
22-26 19 7
42-46 6 11
32-36 7 29
37-41 2 27
42-46 0 11
47-51 1 11
Mean: 25.52
SD: 6.43
As can be gleaned in table 1, in the 50-item periodic test, there was one (1) or 6% of the students who top scored with 47-51. This score group as followed by 37-36 wherein two (2) or 4% of the students received these scores. Seven or 13% of the students got scores between 32-36. There were 12 0r 21% students got scores of 27-31. It was followed then by the score of 22-26 wherein 19 or 34% of the students received this scores. Thirteen students got the score of 17-21 and 2 of them was in the lowest score of 12-16. The overall rating of 25.52 and standard deviation of 6.43 shows that the grade six section 5 students had limited skills based on the topics discussed.
2. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Grade Six Section 5 students as revealed
in the Periodical Test?
Item analysis (Frequency of error) was used by the researcher in determining the strengths and weaknesses of Grade Six Section 5 students in Mathematics. Items were 49% of the students gave wrong answers are identified as weaknesses of the students. The data are found in table 2.
For the difficulty level, the researcher applied the following formula.
=
Difficulty Level (based on Friendenberg, 1995 as cited on TSU Research Manual, 2002)
Index Descriptive Level
89.6 - above Very Easy
74.6 - 89.5 Easy
44.6 - 74.5 Moderately Difficult
29.6 - 44.5 Difficult
25.5 - below Very Difficult
Table 2
Strengths and Weaknesses of Grade Six Section 5 students
In Mathematics based on Periodic Test
Competencies Percentage of Error Description
Comprehension of Whole Numbers 58.33 Moderately Difficult
Decimals 50.34 Moderately Difficult
Addition and Subtraction of Decimals 49.59 Moderately Difficult
Multiplication of Decimals 44.64 Moderately Difficult
As can be gleaned in table 2, the Grade Six Section 5 students were experiencing difficulties in “Comprehension of Whole Numbers”, “Decimals”, “Addition and Subtraction of Decimals”, and “Multiplication of Decimals”. Among the four competencies, “Comprehension of Whole Numbers” indicated the most of the wrong responses with a percentage of 58.33.
3. What are the last mastered skills in the competencies of Mathematics Six that needs
ReplyDeletereview and remediation?
The table below was used by the researcher to identify the skills that needed review and remediation.
Percentage Mastery Level Descriptive Equivalent
96-100% Mastered (M)
86-95% Closely Approximating Mastery (CAM)
66-85% Moving Towards Master (MTM)
35-65% Average (AVR)
15-34% Low (L)
5-14% Very Low (VL)
0-4% Absolutely No Mastery (ANM)
Table 3
Competencies/Skills in Mathematics VI That Needed
Review and Remediation
Competencies
Percentage of Correct Response
Mastery Level Descriptive Equivalent
A. Comprehension on Whole Numbers
1 Meaning of expression, equation, exponent and base 70.25 MTM
2 Evaluating an expression involving exponents 59.00 AVR
3 Evaluating an expression with more than two operations without exponents and parenthesis/grouping symbols 34.00 L
4 Evaluating an expression with more than
two operations with or without exponents and parenthesis 40.33 AVR
5 Solving 2- to 3-step word problem involving whole numbers 69.00 MTM
B. Decimal
1 Naming a decimal for a given model
63.50 AVR
2 Renaming fractions whose denominators are powers of 10 in decimal form 63.67 AVR
3 Reading and writing decimals through ten- thousandths 42.50 AVR
4 Identifying the value/place value of a digit 47.50 AVR
5 Writing decimals in different notations 44.50 AVR
6 Comparing and ordering decimals 46.33 AVR
7 Rounding decimals 44.67 AVR
C. Addition and Subtraction of Decimals
1 Estimating sum and differences of whole numbers and decimals 49.50 AV
2 Adding and subtracting decimals through
ten thousandths without and with regrouping 54.50 AVR
3 Adding and subtracting mixed decimals with regrouping 44.25 AVR
4 Solving 1- to 3- step word problems involving addition and subtraction of
decimals including money
52.50
AVR
D. Multiplication of Decimals
1 Multiplying up to 3-digit factors by 1- to 2- digit factors without and with regrouping 42.00 AVR
2 Multiplying hundredths by hundredths 50.00 AVR
3
Multiplying mixed decimals by mixed decimals
38.00
AVR
4 Solving word problems involving multiplication of decimals including money 46.00 AVR
5 Applying the properties of multiplication
to compute products 50.00 AVR
6 Solving 2- to 3- step word problems involving multiplication of decimals
including money
44.67
AVR
As can be gleaned in table 3, there were no competencies being mastered by the Grade Six Section 5 students. There were only two competencies that indicated “Moving Towards Mastery” and these were “Meaning of expression, exponent, equation and base” and “Solving 2-to-3 steps word problems involving whole numbers”. All of the remaining competencies indicated “Average” and there was one competency that indicated a “Low” mastery level. In this view, all of the competencies are needed to be review. These competencies should be presented with at least 20 examples each.
CONCLUSION:
ReplyDeleteBased on the findings of the study, the following are the derived conclusion:
1. The Grade Six Section 5 students have insufficient mathematical competencies. In their subject mathematics, the root of difficulties is their inadequate knowledge in basic concept of Math.
2. It was found out that the Grade Six Section 5 students have the weaknesses in almost of the competencies and these are “Decimals”, Addition and Subtraction of Decimals”, and “Multiplication of Decimals”. There were only two competencies that indicated “Moving Towards Mastery”.
3. Review and remediation are to be given on the competencies “Comprehension of Whole Numbers “, “Decimals”, “Addition and Subtraction of Decimals”, and “Multiplication of Decimals”.
RECOMMENDATION:
1. Teachers should have in mind that mastery of basic knowledge skills in Math is very important and it must be given emphasis with the students. The four fundamental operations (MDAS) must be mastered in their primary level.
2. The number of recitation days must be congruent according to the level of difficulty of the skill/competencies. There were competencies that requires longer days before they must be accomplished.
3. In everyday teaching in Math, teachers must provide the necessary techniques and strategies in such a way that the students must remember the lesson in the very simplest way. In this light, they could easily understand the lesson.
4. Teachers must encourage peer teaching. There were students that learn most using this approach.
5. Review and remediation would be of big help after class hours. This is depends on the permission of parent if they want their child to extend their stay in school.
AN ASSESSMENT OF ENGLISH PROFICIENCY LEVEL OF THE FOURTH YEAR HIGHSCHOOL STUDENTS IN BRITANNY SCHOOL OF LAS PINAS; BASIS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR THE ENGLISH SUBJECT
ReplyDeleteby
Eric James Paguio
A research submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the
Degree of Masters of Arts in Education
Major in Educational Management
at
Olivarez College Paranaque City
September 2012
ABSTRACT
The study aims to determine the oral proficiency level of the senior high school students of Brittany School of Las Piñas. The study will seek to answer the following questions: What is the oral English Proficiency level of the senior high school students of Brittany School of Las Piñas in terms of articulation, diction, enunciation according to the students’ and teachers’ assessment; is there a significant difference in the Oral English Proficiency Level of the Senior Students between teachers’ and students’ assessment and what are the problems met by the senior high school students in speaking correct English and the solution suggested? The researchers used the descriptive method research. The research was conducted at the Brittany School of Las Piñas. The study was conducted to the randomly selected senior high school students from the total population of 30 students. The researchers only picked out (50%) of the sample population by means of fish bowl method. The researchers used adapted questionnaire and interview test to the senior high school students to determine their oral English proficiency level.
The identified oral English proficiency level in terms of diction was fair according to students’ assessment with a weighted mean of 3.28 and good according to teachers’ assessment with a weighted mean of 3.75. In terms of diction the students’ assessment was good with a weighted mean of 3.51 the same result of teachers’ assessment with a weighted mean of 3.86. The weighted mean of 3.55 as assessed by the students’ and the weighted mean of 3.73 as assessed by the teal interpretation teachers’ had a verbal interpretation of good which the oral means proficiency level of the students in terms of enunciation was good.
Based on the findings of the researchers, there is no significant difference between the senior high school students’ oral English proficiency level in terms of articulation, diction, ad enunciation according to the students’ and teachers’ assessment. The hypothesis there is no significant difference between the students’ assessment and the teachers’ assessment with regard to the oral proficiency level of the senior high school students was accepted.
The researchers would like to recommend to schools to provide adequate opportunities for the students to practice in speaking correct English through proper exposure to such activities as dramatic guilds, school programs, academic contests like debate, declamation, extemporaneous speaking, oration, spelling bee, essay writing etc. There should be strict implementation of the “Speak in English” policy for it is one of the effective ways to develop and enhance the communication proficiency of the students. The administrators should put up a functional speech laboratory equipped with adequate facilities and communication equipment. Curriculum planners and syllabus designers should develop syllabi that will help students to improve not only their linguistic competence or the mastery of the English structures but also their communicative competence or the ability to use English in real life situations.
Chapter I
ReplyDeleteBackground of the study
English Language is a tool, an instrument to reach others for any purpose for an instance, let us consider the following advertisement of the regent institute, which was printed, in a local magazine.
If you have to apply for a job tomorrow, if it is vitally necessary that you should make a favorable impression at social or professional gathering, are you certain that your English would not let you down?
“You cannot afford to leave the matter to chance. You must have the knowledge and confidence to carry you successfully through the “big moments” as well as the hundred and one occasions when you need to make the right impression.” This advertisement is an example of an effective language communication at work.
The world is faced with economic and political crises. This critical situation demands from all sectors of society wholehearted concerns and attention to become intelligent participants in the discussion of issues; we need to be equipped with good ideas and skills.
One of the important skills is proficiency in English communication. Our society needs men who can read sensitively, think and write clearly, respond imaginatively and speak intelligently to different human situations.
Fourth year high school students should realize how important and relevant English proficiency in to their subjects and to their lives. If ever these students realize the importance and relevance of the English Language, it is certainly brought about their belief that English will help them get along with other academic subjects who are taught in English. The need for competency in English, however, is not confined within the classroom.
Aware of the importance of the English language, the Filipino students should not regret learning English as a second language. Instead, he should strive for functional communicative competence in his second language.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to assess the oral English proficiency level of the senior high school students of Brittany School of Las Piñas.
Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the oral English proficiency level of the high school students in terms of:
a. Articulation
b. Diction
c. Enunciation
2. What is the oral English proficiency level of the senior high school students as assessed by the students in terms of:
a. Articulation
b. Diction
c. Enunciation
3. What is the oral English proficiency level of the senior high school students according to The teacher assessment in terms of:
a. Articulation
b. Diction
c. Enunciation
4. Is there a significant difference in the oral English proficiency level of the senior high school students between the teachers’ assessment and students’ assessment?
5. What are the problems met by the senior high school students in speaking correct English and solution suggested?
Hypothesis of the study
There is no significant different between the oral English proficiency level of the senior high school students of Brittany School of Las Piñas in terms of articulation, diction, and enunciation as assessed by the students and teachers.
What exactly is wrong with the quality of English teacher brings to high school with him to use a tool in imparting knowledge? Is his English incorrect? Are his tenses bad? Is he very unidiomatic? Is his vocabulary inaccurate? Are his sentences put together illogical?
ReplyDeleteVarious literature studies have shown that many teachers today can hardly express themselves in English. Their communicative competence is weak particularly in oral language. Many teachers also can hardly do written work of which they can proud of. It is a small wonder that many shy away from research, which requires scholarly precise language.
English as the medium of instruction
In Maximo Soliven’s Article (2003): “The President was right to direct our schools’ return to English as the medium of instruction of course.”
This has provoked a howl to those deeming themselves super patriots, who are demanding that English be abolished instead and instruction be a “Filipino” which is in Tagalog, really.
In this world, everybody is learning English while we are insisting on learning Tagalog ( The truth is, the way things are, we have been learning neither of the two languages, mostly Tagalog instead). Let’s realistic. Filipino has been using English for more than 100 years. It is no longer a “Foreign Language”. True enough, it is not native nation? A century? Two centuries? A thousand years?
A generation ago, Filipinos were able to brag about their “edge in English”. Particularly. Now that Beijing has a bigger role in trade. Two hundred million (200) Chinese are studying and practicing English every day. Even the taxi drivers are being required to learn English.
According to Garcia (2003), English as a tool for learning, is integrated into or used as the medium of instruction in the different curriculum areas. In the social sciences, the study of literature is correlated with the chronological study of the history of the country. The interpretation of science theories, principles, concepts and processes require the use of English particularly where there are no equivalent terms of these in the native language.
Student’s role in improving their English
According to Go (1997), the thrive to improve English instruction sprung from the students themselves to be facilitated by teachers who also strive to streamline their own English to be pushed by developers of instructional materials who target the needed skills of students.
Improving one’s communicative skills and competence
Improving English communicative skills, if one cannot invest on them, will not make significant progress no matter how long they will stay in their country. Communication is a skill much alike swimming. If you don’t into the water and actually swim, your swimming skills will only improve if you have to invest time.
Communicative competence is the primary goal of education. If the students Can express what they mean and understood and if they can understand the meaning of message being given, then they are communicating effectively.
Synthesis
These collected review of related literature served as guidelines in our research which is to appraise the oral English proficiency level of senior high school students of Brittany School of Las Piñas.
Conceptual Framework
This research attempts to assess the oral English Proficiency Level of the students. Respondents would be interviewed and Teacher’s Assessment as well as the Student’s Assessment of their own oral English Proficiency Level would be answered afterwards.
PARADIGM OF THE STUDY
ReplyDeleteInput Process Output
Definition of terms
For a better understanding and appreciation of this study, the following terms were defined operationally or as used in this study:
ARTICULATION- refers to correct grammar and proper emphasis to important ideas.
ASSESSMENT- refers on how the students assess their level of oral English Proficiency and also refers on how the evaluators assess the thirty respondents in terms of articulation and enunciation.
DICTION- refers to the choice of words.
ENUNCIATION- refers to correct and clear pronunciation, proper information and proper phrasing.
PROFICIENCY- refers to the student’s oral ability in speaking English
Conclusions and Recommendation
English is widely regarded as one of the most difficult languages to muster but it is also one of the most useful and spoken languages in the world. Therefore if you want to get ahead in international business, or you simply want to be able to travel the world speaking this universal language, you will need to improve your proficiency in English. There are number of different ways that you can improve your English proficiency. Reading is undoubtedly the best way to improve your language skills. The important thing to remember when you are picking out your literature whether it is a book, newspaper or magazine, is to pick something that is on your level of understanding. There is no point overstretching yourself to soon as you may well lose interest. You will have absolutely no problem finding some excellent English grammar books that will not only help you to improve your proficiency but also your ability to string together sentences. Whenever you come across any words that you are unsure of pick up a dictionary and absorb the meaning, this will really help to speed up your learning. Engaging in conversation with English speakers is a fantastic way to improve your skills; this is especially useful if you have friends or family that can point out any errors that you may be making. It may sound strange but watching television can actually be a great help to your English proficiency. There is a number of interesting television programs and they can be a great way to listen to the correct way that words should be pronounced so that you can then practice them yourself.
If you want to improve your English vocabulary, there are a number of ways you can do so.
The best way to improve your knowledge of the English language is to get out there and interact with people.
Phil-IRI English Pre-Test Oral and Silent Reading Result of Grade VI-16 in Fourth Estate Elementary School
ReplyDeleteAN ACTION RESEARCH SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
ADVANCED EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS
AT
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
(GRADUATE SCHOOL)
PRESENTED BY
MS. MARYGRACE S. ESGUERRA
PRESENTED TO
DR. EDMAR L. ORATA
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
2012
INTRODUCTION
Reading is the most basic skills. It provides access to other skills and knowledge, facilities lifelong learning and open my doors- employment, training, higher education and lifelong learning. Technically, reading is the process of gaining meaning from print. For some, reading is a passion-an avenue to which they can turn, to escape the challenges of life. The reasons for children not being able to read are varied- poor teaching, lack of motivation or the child may have a learning disability which makes reading difficult. Pupils who don’t read well face serious barriers as they become adults they will attempt to earn a living wage to support their children’s learning and to fully participate in civic and community life. It is important to develop the grade VI-16 pupils of Fourth Estate Elementary School their reading and comprehension ability.
The Philippine Informal Reading Inventory ( Phil-IRI ) is an initiative of the Bureau of Elementary Education- Department of Education that directly addresses its thrust to make every Filipino child reader. It is anchored on the flagship program of the Department “Every Child A Reader Program ( ECARP),” the goal of which is to enable every Filipino child to communicate both in English and Filipino through effective reading instruction
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION:
ReplyDeleteThe study was conducted to analyze the reading level of the Grade VI section 16. It involves 47 students, officially enrolled at Fourth Estate Elementary School, school year 2012-2013. The present study identified the reading level and comprehension level of pupils both in Oral Reading Test and Silent Reading Test.
FINDINGS
After the statistical analysis of the data gathered from the oral reading test, the following answers to the objectives are drawn
1. How many are identified in the reading levels of frustration? Instructional? and Independent level?
Table 1 presents the results of the Grade VI-16 Oral Reading Test In English .
Table 1
GRADE VI-16 ORAL READING TEST RESULT IN ENGLISH
READING LEVEL MALE PERCENTAGE FEMALE PERCENTAGE
NON-READER 1 3.85% 1 4.76%
FRUSTRATION 23 88.46% 17 80.95%
INSTRUCTIONAL 2 7.69% 3 14.29%
INDEPENDENT 0 0.00% 0 0.00%
TOTAL 26 100 21 100
As revealed in Table 1, the four reading levels namely non-reader, frustration, instructional and independent in pre - oral reading test in English. The Phil-Iri pre oral reading result of Grade VI-16, indicates that there were 23 males or 88.46% and 17 females or 80.95% with a reading level of frustration. In a reading level of instructional 2 males or 7.69% and 3 for females or 14.29%. Only 2 of the 47 pupils, one male with 3.58% and one female with 4.76% identified a non reader and 0% identified independent in pre oral reading levels in English.
Table 2 presents the results of the Grade VI-16 Silent Reading Test In English
ReplyDeleteTable 2
GRADE VI-16 SILENT READING TEST RESULT IN ENGLISH
SPEED LEVEL COMPREHENSION LEVEL READING LEVEL
Pupils
Tested Slow Average Fast Frustration Instructional Independent Frustration Instructional Independent
47 47 0 0 45 2 0 47 0 0
As revealed in Table 2, the three levels in silent reading test in English are the speed level where in the readers where identified whether slow, average or fast. Out of 47 pupils the speed level of the students in Grade VI-16 are slow. Next is to test the comprehension level were in the pupils were given 7 questions and they will choose the answer from the given choices. The comprehension level of the 45 pupils which is frustration and out of 47 pupils 2 got the comprehension level of instructional. The overall silent reading level of the students in grade VI-16 , 47 students got the frustration level.
2. How many pupils are identified as non-readers? What intervention can be done?
ReplyDeleteTable 3 presents the results of non-reader in Grade VI-16
Table 3
NON READER IN GRADE VI-16
MALE FEMALE TOTAL
NON-READER 1 1 2
As revealed in Table 3, out of 26 boys there is 1 male where identified non-reader and out of 21 girls, 1 female identified also as a non-reader.
The non-readers will be given a remedial reading after class hours. They will also bring home reading resources which will increase their capacity to read and comprehend. The frustration level will be given reading materials, e.g. Dolch Basic Sight Words. Before the class starts vocabulary drill will be given. They will be required to have dictionary and read 2-5 words per day. Regular monitoring of the said activities will be done.
Parents will be notified to have cooperation with the teacher and adviser.
3. What are the probable reasons of pupils in their reading difficulties in getting the frustration level? And as non-readers?
The study further specifies the following probable reasons of pupils in their reading difficulties in English:
1. expose to computers/technology
2. study habit is not good
3. lack of vocabulary
4. not their mother tongue language
5. not supported by parents
6. malnourishment
7. Financial problem
8. influence of environment
9. parents are illiterate
4. What are the intervention can be done to those pupils identified frustration and non-readers?
Students who struggle in reading need reading intervention immediately so the gap doesn't widen as they get older. It is easier to close that gap the younger they are. The most effective way to provide intervention is in a small group. If students in your school are struggling with reading, there are a few things your school can do to help.
Providing the non reader students 60 minutes of uninterrupted remedial class. In doing this, more of the teacher’s time is spent with the students who need the extra help. It is the lower students who get lost in the larger classes. When placed in a smaller group for the reading instruction, they are forced to participate. Special time will be given to frustration readers every afternoon of class days. Supplementary reading materials will be used for special reading sessions. This is use for the pupils who identified frustration.
For non-readers use different strategies like videos and audio tapes to teach the child phonemes. Let him read a very simple text. Provide him with a partner who can help him or her to read. Form a readers play where readers will come together. Learning to read is one of the most difficult tasks the human being faces his/her life. Both the children and parents /guardians have to go by a lot of labors and difficulties to acquire the skills. It takes months after months to teach how to read.
CONCLUSION
The fact that one can reap great benefits from reading cannot be doubted or questioned. It is for the reason that teachers must instill a real love for reading and prepare them into becoming lifelong readers so that the pupils will learn a lot from them. Different teaching approaches should be used to the learners. The art of questioning like (HOTS) Higher Order Thinking Skills and vocabulary drill must be implemented in the class. Parents and teacher will coordinate each other regarding the reading progress of the child to make sure that their reading level will become independent. Pupil to pupil or pupil to teacher interaction or vice versa through guided activities could be used in helping them develop their reading levels and also their comprehension level.
ReplyDeleteOLIVAREZ COLLEGE
College of Graduate Studies
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1
THE STUDY HABITS OF THE
SAINT ROSE OF LIMA
(LAS PIÑAS) SCHOOL
FOURTH YEAR PERSEVERANCE
SCHOOL YEAR 2012-2013
A Research
Presented to:
The Faculty of the College of Graduate Studies
Olivarez College
Parañaque City
In Partial fulfillment
of the Requirments for the Degree of
Master of Arts in Education
Major in Educational Management
RICHARD O. HABALA
2012
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION:
The Fourth year Perseverance is far challenging than First year and Second year even Third year education. This is more because Fourth year is far more of a higher plane and that the effort that required here is far more serious because the goal and objective of second year is to finish a transitional stage like in high school level which required more serious study.
Yet there are problems that are most commonly encountered along the way, especially with regards to improving one’s study habits. To an extent this usually could mean succesful or a failure in the attainment of high school graduate and even in other year level. With this study you may also determined all types of study habits that they contribute to the best of their knowledge to having
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a good time management program and to make sure that they were enough time to study their lesson and to make sure that they were also making a good success in the future, as long as they know their habits and knowing how to make this study habits and knowing how to make this study habits are their priorities rather than wasting their time in other activities.
Statemement of Problem:
The foregoing study is all about “The Study Habits of Fourth Year Perseverance’’
Specifically it will seek answers to the following research questions
1. What are the study habits of Fourth year
Perseverance?
2. What are the effects of study habits with their
performance inside their Classes?
3. What are some important details regarding the
good study habits of fourth year Perseverance?
4. Do you think proper study habits make you are
confident with your grades especially with your
grades especially with your academic subject?
5. Do you aware on study habits?
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Review of related Literature and Studies:
This presents all important researched literatures and Studies that are related to the subject of this study. The home setting provides for the proper home invironment for the student.
According to Merson, the degree of attaining successfully the high school depends so much on both the school and the students. If the parents are supportive on their children’s education providing them with better study envioronment and giving them access to research materials plus ideal study rooms, the child naturally is more prepared to tackle the challenges posed inside their classrooms. As inside the school, better school environment can accelerate more his learning process the learning of subject.
Feber in his study of twenty successful doctors found out that majority of these doctors graduated not necessarily in well known schools and colleges of medicines but more counts their success to better home study environments, better and more wider exposure to
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clinical pratice and experience, experienced and qualified teacherand better access to updated reference materials while still studying.
Indicated in his own researched that problems existed among college students Harding their courses when they are offered less in text book materials, library facilities, and the chance for hands on experience. The difficulties are more pronounced if home settings are not ideal for the students so much so that there is a high rate of drop outs among them as compared to those that are offered better school environment as well as home environments.
Lowell found out that if the school provided for the best of the student’s educatin, he naturally developes sound study habit that could insure his learning process. This means better library facilities that can offer him more updated research materials, better study rooms and place for doing much of his researchers. This also could mean better mentors/tutors which could guide him more importanty of all is the availability of an adequate and appropriate laboratory for his possible hands on
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experience like using computers at an early age.
CHAPTER II
Menthods of the Study:
This menthods used in this study is descriptive; the researcher distributed the questionaire for the chosen respomdents of the said study. It is a survey menthods which the reseacher try to evaluate and analyze the answers of every respondent.
Instrument /Techniques Used:
The reseacher make an instrument of questionnaire he has been able to distribute the said of questionaire among the thirty (30) respondents of Fourth Year Perseverance students.
It is based on what they were able to answer to the following questions and relating to all the answers they were able to found in the said questionnaire.
Sampling Procedure:
The sampling procedure used is the non- probability sampling which is to know the answers the following respondents which is according to the questions in the questionnaire
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Treatment of Data:
The treatment of data used is regarding the question which is based and anlyzed with their respective answers to the following questions which is found in the questionnaire.
Chapter III
In this chapter the following are the presentation and interpretation of data which depend upon the answers of the foregoing respondents.
TABLE 1
THE STUDY HABITS OF FOURTH YEAR
PERSEVERANCE
Response Frequency %
a. more on home setting habits 10 33.5 %
b. know how to divide their
time 10 33.5%
c. they were able to study in
library during brask time 10 33.5%
Total 30 100.00%
In table I show that the ten of the 33.5 % answered the study habits of the Fourth year section Perseverance is
they were more on home setting habits, while the another ten of 33.5% answered they were studying, and the remaining ten or 33.5 % answered they were able to
study in library during their break time.
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It is depend upon the study habits they wanted to prove or uimprove to pass in their examination or they were able to pass and to be able to graduate this year.
Table 2
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF STUDY HABITS
RESPONSE FREQUENCY %
a. enable to pass in every
subject 15 50%
b. enable to know the
value of eduaction 5 15%
c. gaining more future 10 35%
Total 30 100%
In table 2 shows the fifteen of 50% answered the effects of study habits among the students of Fourth year are they were able to pass in every subject, they were having to agree that effectively of study habits is very much important to improve their grades and to be able to graduate this year, while the ten or 35 % answered gaining more future if they know how to make a study habits correctly and maintaining the goog grades of your subject or academic subject, while the remaining five of 15%
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With this you will able to know the value of study habits and how much this study habits effects your study and create you as a good student because of your good study habits.
TABLE 4
DO THE STUDENTS AWARE ON STUDY
HABITS
RESPONSE FREQUENCY %
a. Yes 30 100%
b. No 0 0%
c. No answer 0 0%
Total 30 100%
In table 4 Shows that all thirty students of 100% answered they were all aware on study habits, which they believe the proper and good study habits can help their studying and make their grades increasing. Without such study habits we think that all students could not able to finish their students in high school graduating students
That is why study habits is really important not other level in education. So with this study habits you will be able to know the right place and good time management is also considered in the habitual studying their lesson.
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CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary:
In this study we found out that all the thirty (30) respondents answered that they were able to have a proper study habits to maintain their grades or gaining or increasing their grades as far as they know that they were able to help them if they were able to improve their study habits. We all thinks that study habits is a part of our education and they were also believe that without such study habits its hard for them to pass their examination or they were able to failed if thyehy did not even know the good and proper study habits.
With this study, the students of Fourth Year Perseverance really appreciate the good habits of studying their lesson in home, or even in the parts of the school and they were also learned that as a students they were able to maintain their good grades and knowing how to manage their time for their studying.So, its not hard for them to study their lesson because they have a good study habits and the supportive of their parents are really involved in this subject matter until now the study habits is one of the the important part of our studies.
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Conclussion:
In the foregoing study, study habits among the fourt year students of Perseverance is really important with them it is because they were a graduating students and they were need to pass their academic subject. With this study habits methods the students determined to be one of the candidate for graduating students this school year.
Hence, the good and proper study habits can be liable not only for those who were having a lower grade but also required for those students who are wanted to increase their grades. So, this study habits is really important for every one of us.
Therefore, a study habit is recommended to all the students in different level so that it’s not for them to study their lesson.
Recommendation:
With this study I recommended this for all types of students who are not really interested with their studies. Also recommended for the teacher to encourage their students of having their study habits for their own sake
ReplyDeleteTable II Post – Test
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Students Vocabulary Proficiency
Voc. Voc. Rel. Prof. Description
Prof. Freq. Freq. Per.
97-100 Outstanding
92-96 Excellent
86-91 Very Good
80-85 5 0.125 2.50% Good
75-79 20 0.5 50.00% Fair
70-74 15 0.375 37.50% Poor
69-Below Very Poor
N = 40 100%
Mean = 76.65 Median = 76.50
Point System:
Academics 25%
Physical
Development 25%
Military 20%
Language 20%
Conduct 10%
______________
Total 100%
Interpretation of the result:
Table I shows that only 1 or 2.5% of the students had good vocabulary. 15 or 37.5% had fair vocabulary proficiency, while the remaining 24 or 60% rated poorly. The mean vocabulary proficiency of 73.65 reveals that the level of vocabulary proficiency of the respondents was poor, and a median of 73.50.
Table II shows that after the soldier students attended seminars, symposium, exposed to reading materials and follow the strategies infused to enhance their vocabulary proficiency, it is revealed that 5 or 12.5% had good vocabulary, 20 or 50% had fair vocabulary proficiency, while 15 or 37.5% rated poorly. And mean vocabulary proficiency of 76.65 and median of 76.50. The research also believed that the level of vocabulary proficiency has something to do with the scholastic rating of the soldier students as well their speaking and writing ability. Therefore there is an increase or improvement shown from result of pre test to post test.
V CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of the findings of the research, the following conclusions are drawn:
1. In general the selected soldier students had poor vocabulary, this implies that they lack the competence to express themselves orally and write effectively.
2. The Soldier Students, level of vocabulary proficiency determines their competence in expressing themselves and write effectively. Speaking and writing ability thus affect their performance of duties.
VI RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings and conclusions, the researcher offers the following recommendations:
The desire to read must be developed among the selected soldier students of Basic Military Training School (BMTS) the gaining of knowledge and therefore, the building of vocabulary stem from two actions. First there must be a motivation. Second there must be a beginning. A soldier student learning English as his/her second language needs to increase and enrich his vocabulary for a more articulate communication of his thoughts, feelings and emotions in that language.
The greater part of the time in language should be devoted to communicative activities to develop ease and spontaneity in oral speech. As such knowledge of words without application is useless. Training in the construction of a variety of sentence structures, improvement in vocabulary and development of feeling for appropriate words can only enhance and put effectively to use when one sit down to write.
A further research should be conducted using other variables such as interest language, classroom climate and attitudes towards learning.
1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
ReplyDeleteIntroduction
Computer as the form of most commonly used, refers to the digital computer and electronic device that makes lengthy of complicated calculations at high speeds and (except for certain small models) is also able to make decisions based on logic. This article is primarily concerned with the digital computer which is useful to the school of any level of students. A less common type of computer is the internet and which you can create or having your chat to other countries and helping you to provide some of the important things to look forward by the use of Internet.
This internet is very useful as guide and references such as you can get important things at the said internet, one you have in your school even though you are still in high school you have to know the proper uses of internet and help you to provide some of the details which you can count out in this computer.
As long as the students are concern, computer machines is accessible to every students and you may also learned the factors of using computers has no bad effects to the students it will give knowledge and learning some methods of how to use computer machines
As long as the students are concerned the best things that you have to see in the class is the computer because today computer is one of the most in demand courses and even the high school need to know how to operate the computer machines and learning all the part of such machines so that it’s not hard for them to operate it actually.
The foregoing study in AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF USING COMPUTERS OF THE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL .
Background of the Study:
The computer tasks as one of the major technological developments of the 20th century. Beginning about 1950, it took the computer lost then two decades to revolutionize the methods of business, industry and government to greatly advance work education, medicine, and publishing. Today, the computer industry which includes the manufacturing of computers. The beginning and marketing of computer programs, and the providing of computer related services is among the most important in the world.
Early forerunners of the computer were the abacus, developed in the ancient times in the Far East, and an adding machine invented in 1641 by Blaise Pascal of France. The principle of the punched card was developed about 1801 by Joseph Maria Jacquard, also of France. His card were used to control the pattern produced in textile by a loom.
All the basic principles of the modern digital computer input and output devices, storage and arithmetic units, and the sequencing of instructions were conceived in the 1820s and 1830s by Charles Babbage, an English mathematician.
Research Locale:
ReplyDeleteThe research local of the study is in the facilities of BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL which thirty respondents are chosen to participate in the said topic and the students of this school are in the Grade 7 K to 12 class.
Theoretical Framework:
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
COMMUNITY COMPUTER PROCEDURE
SCHOOL USES TECHNIQUES
HOME EFFECTS IMPORTANCE
Figure 1: Shows that the input of the research is in community, school and home and while the process is in computer, uses and affects and the output procedure, techniques and importance of the computer.
Statements of the Problems:
The foregoing study is about Assessment of the Effects of Using Computers of the High School Students of BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Specifically the researcher try to find out the answer to the following problems.
1. What are the effects of computers?
2. What are the uses of computers?
3. What are advantages of computer machines?
Hypotheses:
The study has a relationship between the students and the computer machines, without such computer the students should not able to know the right procedure to use computer machines. This is based on the conclusion has been made during the survey methods of research.
Assumption:
In studying this thesis the following assumptions are to find out what is the meaning of internet and to distinguish the use of it and it should be able to helps the other people to work.
Scope and Limitation of the Study:
This study is limited to the used of materials such as books, magazines, newspapers and the respondent’s survey to distribute the checklist or questionnaire which is related to the study. The respondent is 20 high school students of BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL.
Significance of the Study:
The study seems to signify to the students of high school to find and study the procedure and techniques of using computer machines. Hence, the significance of the study.
Definition of Terms:
The following terms are the items of using the meaning and it is very hard to understand.
Computer – is type of devices that you can create and chat with somebody who are far away from you.
Digital this is one of the type of computer before.
CPU – Central Processing Unit
Internet – it is an international network which you can contact them by using the computer.
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES
ReplyDeleteRelated Literature:
According to Mauricio, the simplest term of computer is a high speed mathematician, a high speed file place, and a high speed typist. It can perform many thousands of times more rapidly than human and, if properly operated, without array. His many uses grow out of these characteristics.
Computers are used in business to the many routine and time consuming jobs, such as handling billing, payrolls, and inventory. Computer can be used in making forecast of future sales figures or economic conditions. In many organizations, computers are used as Word Processors, simplifying the production of reports, letters, and other documents. Some organization routinely transmit memos and other messages by means of computer linkups, a form of communication known as Electronic mail Reporters, sales people and then transmit the work to an office via telephone illness.
In schools computers are used in many classrooms to assist teachers in instructing students. Computers are used in a variety of ways, from supplying simple drills to conducting a scientific experiment of managing a large company.
In astronomy, computers perform the complicated calculations necessary for determining the orbits and relative positions of various heavenly bodings. In any uses of computer, are being help produce and evaluate the design of new products.
Computers are essential for a variety of functions performed by agencies. For example computers used by the National Weather Service for analyzing large counts of weather data to make weather forecasting to the federal Aviation administration for operating the sample equipment needed to street all traffic by the internal venue services for handling this type of computers.
In the home, computers are used for a number of purposes. A popular use of home computers is for placing video games. They are also used to gain access by telephone book up to networking providing a variety of information’s and communications services. In some homes, computers are used for word processing and maintaining household records.
Related Studies:
The computer industry virtually nonexistent to 1990, by 1989 he had use of computers the largest industries in the United States. This is also important in other countries notably Great Britain, Germany, France and Japan and even here in our country, Philippines.
The computer industry had two types of commodities hard disk and soft disk, the hardware segment is contained with the development manufacturing and signs increasingly as of equipment. The software is contained and concern with the development of programs and related materials. Some companies deal in both hardware and software.
That’s is why computer is very much important in our country and to all over the world, because computers are very much useful and today a lot of courses offered like computer technology, Information Technology, Computer Science, Computer Engineering etc.
And now the computer has been using in different schools, universities and colleges and they were able to teach the basic computer machines subjects for those who are in the level of high school and elementary. Many of the young children also learned how to manage and handle such machines.
This is why computer machine is very much useful inside the classroom and even in outside of your office or schools, computers are very in demand today and this is one of the most important things to considered.
CHAPTER III
ReplyDeleteM E T H O D O L O G Y
Method of Research:
In order to determine the effects of using computers in high school students of BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL a descriptive method of research used.
The researcher deliberately picked up 20 respondents from BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL in the level of Grade 7 K to 12.
Research Instrument:
The researcher prepared a set of questionnaire, wherein inquiries relevant to study are included. This questionnaire served as major instrument for gathering data.
Data Collection Procedure:
As mentioned above a descriptive of research was used in order pertinent data needed to answer the question raised in the study. A non probability
Sampling was employed I selecting the respondents in the study. Twenty respondents from BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL was selected applying the convenience sampling method.
Statistical Treatment:
In analyzing the data in this study, a simple percentage and frequency method was used the following formula.
P = f x 100
N
Where:
P = Percentage
F = Frequency
N = total number of respondents
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
As previously mentioned, a study was conducted among twenty respondents regarding the effects of using computers in high school students of BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL.
TABLE 1
EFFECTS OF USING COMPUTERS AMONG H.S. STUDENTS IN GRADE SEVEN PROGRAM
Response Frequency Percentage
a. They learned how to use computer 10 50%
b. additional subject 5 25%
c. gain knowledge in computer 5 25%
Total 20 100%
In the table 1 shows that the ten of the respondents of 50% of them agree that there is no bad effects of using computers, they must be able to learned how to use properly the machine or the computer machines, while the five or 25% answered that
additional subject for the academic is also the effect of this case, and the remaining five of 25% answered they will give knowledge about computer.
TABLE 2
DO THE STUDENTS REALLY WANT TO KNOW ABOUT COMPUTER
RESPONSE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
A. Yes 15 75%
B. No 5 25%
Total 20 100%
In table 2 shows that the fifteen of 75% agree that they really want ad interested to know all about computer machines, while the five or 25% answered no, it will not helping them to give additional knowledge in computer.
Table 3
USES OF COMPUTER MACHINES
RESPONSE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
A. For Education 10 50%
B. For industry 5 25%
C. For community 5 25%
________________________________________________________________________
Total 20 100%
In table 3 shows that the ten of 50% of the respondents believe that computer has been using in school or in education, while the five 25% answers this computer used for the industry, and the five or 25% answered it is also useful for the community to help those people who are unemployed they were able to help themselves to learn how to use the computers.
CHAPTER V
ReplyDeleteSUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDDATION
Summary:
In the previous chapter of this study found out that the computer has no harmful effects to the students it also provide some knowledge of how to use the computer which is very much important and also with this study the students learn how to use ad make this machines very much important in the high school so that is not hard for them to operate the machine because they were having a part of operate it.
Also found out that the students really enjoying themselves to study more about computers and gaining more perfect knowledge in computer machines. The effects of using computers is not really bad, it will give knowledge and give some information regarding the correct usage of computers.
That is why more than a half of the respondents believe there is no bad effect of using computer which is required to their school.
Conclusion:
With this study about Assessment of Using Computer to the High School students BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL most of he students believe that this computer helps them to teach the proper and correct procedures of how to use the computer machines.
And the other found out that there is no important rather than in creating a new ideas in using computers and this computers are not only in school but also useful in industry and in the community. There is no disadvantages only the youth has been addicted to the counter strike and internet, but others helps to provide knowledge such as getting some information by making an internet.
Therefore, computer is not really affected the study of the students and it will help them to improved their skills in compute typing.
Recommendation:
This study is recommended to the following:
1. To the students who are not really interested in computer subject.
2. To the DEPED (Department of Education) which including this subject as an academic;
3. To the parents encourage their children to study more about computers.
4. To industries to have more computer machines here in our country.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Asnar Alma, The use of Computer in School, New York 1990
Zeus, Alexander, The Computer and its benefits, Macmillan Publishing House, 1998
Internet, The Computer Machines and Development, Cyber Café, March 20, 2000.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF
ReplyDeleteUSING COMPUTERS OF THE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
OF BACLARAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
______________________________
A RESEARCH PAPER
Presented to:
Dr. Edmar L. Orata of the Graduate School
Department of Olivarez College Parañaque
_______________________________
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENT IN ADVANCED STATISTICS
BY:
Remon T. Soliman
Graduate School Student
September 22, 2012
SOCIAL VALUES PORTRAYED IN SELECTED TEN SHORT STORIES
ReplyDeleteWRITTEN BY FILIPINO AUTHORS
An Action Research
Presented by
ALMA RUADO SESE
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for
Advanced Educational Statistics
Presented to
DR. EDMAR L. ORATA
Chapter I
ReplyDeleteTHE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Literature reveals the deepest thoughts and feelings of the human race, cherishes the ideals that lie at the basis of all that we hold to be the most precious in our world and helps us to understand more fully the complex life that we have to live.
It is in literature and the arts that are reflected the emotions, the hopes and fears, and the aspirations of human beings.
In literature one may draw the real scenario of man’s life – the bliss and success he enjoys, coupled with depression, fear and frustrations which may serve as challenge for him.
Short story is one art form that mirrors man’s life. At this point, writers can really project through their works such qualities of man having a great concern of his free will, being a possessor of values like strength, hope, endurance and determination to preserve all the expressions of emotions in the sea life.
Man possesses the freedom to have his own choice of action of what he desires to be. Hence, he functions as an individual, develops as an individual, experiences intense feelings as an individual and dies as an individual.
Literature itself is life. It is the very essence of life that stays forever. It is the written expression of man’s emotions. It pictures his inner self which is not visible to the naked eye. It reveals his highest expression, of his contact with others and the customs and traditions of the society to which he belongs.
Background of the Study
Literature is a reflection of life and the embodiment of thoughts, feelings and aspirations of the people. As such, the short story being a literary genre in itself mirrors he life and times of the people.
The power of literature is like a glowing torch. It can penetrate deeper into the inner thoughts and feelings of man. A power which history cannot do for it can only reach the external side of things.
ReplyDeleteSome Filipino writers like Yolando V. Tomeldan believed that “life illumines literature just as literature illumines life.” Literature was invented to give us a slice of life to entertain or disturb us, to make us think or feel and discover our humanity. It presents all aspects of human behavior and it gives us an insight and interpretation of our human race.
Statement of the Problem
This study is an attempt to identify the social values portrayed in the ten (10) selected short stories written by Filipino authors.
Specifically it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. How can social values be determined in short stories written by Filipino authors?
2. What social values are portrayed in each short story?
3 What approaches are used by the authors in the presentation of the social values?
4. What possible reasons do short story writers have in presenting social values?
5. How can short story help in preserving social values of the readers?
Assumptions
This study was based on the following assumptions:
1. That literature is a reflection of life and the embodiment of the thoughts, feelings, and
aspirations of the people.
2. That a person’s image is a natural offshoot of his personal and moral values.
3. That literary techniques and devices are effective tools for the transmission of the
writer’s message to his readers.
ReplyDelete4. That short story being a literary genre in itself mirrors the life and times of the people.
Hypothesis
This hypothesis is based on the premise that values portrayed in short stories exist in the real life of a person.
Significance of the Study
Since time began, the subject of man has already been written on and discussed in many writings. In this regard, literature is the most vocal and articulate piece of art in filling out and telling the facts about mankind.
One importance of this study points to the fact that the short story, like any other forms of writings, comes closer to bring a real representation of life.
Another point of importance is to bring about the significance of created images, characters and actions which are made for people to understand more fully what life is.
Moreover, the researcher of this paper hopes that this study may be of help to a better appreciation of literature particularly short stories.
Definition of Terms
For common frame of reference and for the purpose of this study, the following terms and phrases are hereby operationally defined:
1. Action. It is the physical interaction between characters, or between characters
and environment.
2. Culture . It is the sum total of man’s thinking and doing.
3. Endurance. It refers to the ability of any human being to stand pain, sufferings,
fatigue, and threats to his life.
ReplyDelete4. Existence. It is a subjective quality applied to human reality.
5. Fiction. It is any writing that is made up or imagined, especially a prose narrative.
6. Frustration. It is an emotion experienced by a person when a need is not satisfied.
7. Human Values. It is the standard set to uplift the dignity or interest of a human being for self-fulfilment and respectability.
8. Literature. It is the expression of life. It is the written records of man’s beliefs, thoughts, emotions and aspirations.
9. Setting. It refers to the time and place in which events in a short story occur.
10. Short Story. As defined by Edgar Allan Poe, a short story is a piece of fiction dealing with a single incident that can be read at a single seating.
11. Socio-Cultural Values. They refer to the cultural patterns which direct the socialization of the members of a society accordingly.
12. Symbols. Any object, person, place or action that has a meaning in itself and that also stands for something larger than itself, such as a quality, an attitude, a belief in a value.
13. Teaching. It may be regarded as a process of involving an interaction between observable activities on the part of the student.
14. Theme. The term refers to a conviction about the real world you live in, and it may be stated in several ways. This also refers to the general idea embodied in a short story.
15. Values. The term refers to the intrinsic worth of a thing.
Chapter II
ReplyDeleteREVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE
The researcher has come across several studies on Philippine literature dealing with the short stories in English. The short stories written in English several years ago and used as subjects in the study conducted, enlightened and helped this researcher a lot in the analysis of the stories included in this study.
Related Studies
In the researcher’s visits to the Graduate School Library of Olivarez Colleges and other graduate School libraries, she did not find a study which is exactly similar to this study. However, she came across some analytical studies on the same problem or topic, but they differ in focus, in source of materials, and in the over-all treatment of the study.
Tepace (2006) in his thesis entitled, “The Image of the Filipino Woman as Reflected in Fifteen Selected Short Stories Representing Three Periods in Philippine Literature in English: An Analysis “ focused on the image and values of the Filipino woman as depicted by the leading characters of the short stories he chose. Although this study is similar to Tepace’s study in the identification of values, this study differs from that of Tepace’s because it analyzed stories that portray social values of both man and woman.
In a study entitled, “Existential Elements Depicted in Filipino values, Customs and Traditions as Revealed in Selected Palanca Award Winning Short Stories,” a doctoral dissertation of Untalan (2001) points out that despite the existential characteristics of Filipinos like despair, anguish, abandonment and loss of identity that the characters may reveal in the short stories, still values are demonstrated through the positive tenets of existentialism. The study concluded also that the personality. Traits, values and other aspects of the Filipinos are chiefly conditioned by the existing milieu.
Another related study “The Principal Characteristics in Selected Palanca Award Winning Short Stories in English: A Critical Analysis,” by Santiago (2002) puts emphasis on the best stories awarded prizes by the Palanca Award.
Related Literature
ReplyDeleteIn addition to these studies, the researcher came across a wide range of information on such themes as “literature as mirror of the values of man” and “literature as an expression of society.”
When one reads literature, life unveils itself in its many dimensions – beliefs, emotions, pains, joys, anguish, and glorious that makes up the litany of earthly endeavours. As it is read, the elemental values in it are relieved and reviewed for all the delightful assurance that the world is always beautiful with them, even with the occasional ugly sprites of life.
Loria (2006) supports the assumption that values are transmitted through literature. In her article entitled “The Role of Literature in Transmitting Values,” she explains that the moral virtues that lend to good life are all in the stories that mirror our beliefs. The writers record these and dress them with artistry and as their work linger in, the readers catch the message of the writer that men may go through revolution and natural changes, but the basic truths and elemental values that they believed in are preserved and passed on.
According to Hilgard (1975), attitude and values are required as a vital part of being introduced into the ways of society. In his book “Introduction to Psychology,” he said that both values and attitudes may be considered to be the psychological representation of social influence retained by the individual. The concept of attitude is important in social psychology, in that, it sums up the past experiences of the individual to account for the present action.
Panganiban (1973), states that the literature that lives and lasts from any age is that which expresses man’s emotional reactions to his daily struggle for existence. He also points out that the literature of the Filipinos, oral or written, is the verbal expression of affection of the people with the facts of daily life social practices and religious beliefs.
Chapter III
ReplyDeleteMETHODOLOGY
This chapter presents a brief discussion of the research methodology, instruments, and data analysis used in this study.
Research Design
For the purpose of this research, the descriptive and analytical methods will be extensively employed. The study will be focused primarily on the critical analysis of the social values portrayed in the selected ten (10) short stories written by Filipino authors.
Sources of Data
The ten (10) selected short stories will be taken from the book of Roseburg (1966) entitled “Pathways to Philippine Literature in English.” These were all Palanca Award winning stories and were given special recognition in the field of literature particularly in Filipino literature.
The ten chosen stories to be analyzed are the following:
1. Footnote to Youth Jose Garcia Villa
2. How My Brother Leon Manuel E. Arguilla
Brought Home a Wife
3. Scent of Apples Bienvenido N. Santos
4. As Long as the Grass Carlos Bulosan
Shall Grow
5. The Bread of Salt N.V.M. Gonzales
6. The Summer Solstice Nick Joaquin
7. A Christmas Memoir Carmen Guerrero Nakpil
8. Now and at the Hour Aida L. Rivera
9. Graduation F. Sionil Jose
10. The Stranger I.V. Mallari
The short stories selected for this study were originally written by Filipino authors. All these stories portray social values that exist in the real life of a person.
Instrument Used
This study will utilize the documentary analysis technique which involves perusal of all printed materials that have direct relation to the topic under study. Here, the materials both the primary and secondary will be gathered and studied carefully and organized systematically. The primary source that will be analyzed are the texts of the selected stories, while the secondary sources are articles, and reading selections from reference books, journals, magazines that have some bearing on the nature of this study. Unpublished materials, such as theses and dissertations which are related to this study are the other secondary sources to be used in this study.
Treatment of Data
ReplyDeleteA brief discussion or background information on specific values will precede the interpretation and analysis of the subject included in this study to help the reader understand with facility the interpretation or analysis of the texts.
In the course of analysis and interpretation relevant situations passages and quotations will be provided to show the development of the social values of man as depicted in the selected short stories included in this study. The literary techniques and devices used by the authors in bringing out social values will be printed out and discussed before the analysis and interpretation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ReplyDeleteA. BOOKS
1. Baltazar, Silverio, et. Al. Philippine Literature Past and Present. Manila. Katha
Publishing Co. Inc., 1981.
2. David, Maramba A. Philippine Contemporary Literature. Makati: U.S.T. Cooperative,
1967.
3. Hilgard, Ernest R. et. al. Introduction to Psychology. Newyork: Harcourt, Brace,
Jovanovich, Inc., 1975.
4. Lopez, Salvador P. Literature and Society. Manila: Philippine Book Guild, 1940.
5. Loria, Josephine F. “The Role of Literature in Transmitting Values,” In Literature and
Society. Los Banos: The Philippine American Foundation and the American
Studies Association of the Philippines, 1976.
B. ARTICLES
1. Antillon, Loline M. “History of Literature,” MLQU Graduate School Journal, Vol. XVI,
No. 1-2, 1987.
2. Bautista, Cirilo F. “Literature as History.” Philippine Studies, Vol. XXXVI, 1988.
3. Lopez, Nonoy M. “Filipino Women in Quest for Deal E en in Reel,” The Clique
Women’s Magazine, Vol. 2 No. 2, June 1993.
4. Smith, Nancy R. “For Every Woman,” Philippine Development, Vol. XX, No. 1,
March –April 1993.
5. Tayao, Ma. Lourdes G.“Recurring Themes in Literature, a Source of Value
Statements,” The MST, Vol. XVI, No. 1-4, 1981.
C. UNPUBLISHED THESES / DISSERTATIONS
1. Arevalo, Lina T. “Symbolic Rituals in Selected African Prose Selection:
An Interpretative Study,” Manuel L. Quezon University, Manila, 1980.
2. Arreola, Remedios V. “The Psychological Truism in Selected Palanca Memorial
Awards for Literature Winning Plays From 1953-1973,” Manuel L. Quezon
University, Manila 1991.
3. Estimo, Rodolfo Jr. “The Relevance of Salvador P. Lopez’s Literary Doctrine “ Arts is
a Means to an End” to Selected Works in Contemporary Pilipino Literature in
English,” Manuel L. Quezon University, Manila, 1994.
4. Manansala, Daisy. “Human Rights as Revealed in Selected Palanca Award Winning
Short Stories: An Analysis,” Manuel L. Quezon University, Manila, 1994.
5. Tepace, Ernesto. “The Image and Values of the Filipino Woman as Reflected in Fifteen
Selected Short Stories Representing Three Periods in Philippine Literature
In English: An Analysis,” Manuel L. Quezon University, Manila, 1996.
APPENDIX A
ReplyDeleteLIST OF VALUES FOUND IN SHORT STORIES
Values Shown The Ten Selected Short Stories
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 T
1. Art and Beauty
2. Chastity
3. Concern for Others
4. Courage
5. Decency
6. Devotions to Duty
7. Dignity
8. Faith
9. Endurance
10. Flexibility
11. Health
12. Honesty
13. Industry
14. Loyalty
15. Modesty
16. Obedience
17. Religiosity
18. Responsible Parenthood
Values Shown The Ten Selected Short Stories
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 T
19. Self-esteem
20. Self-knowledge
21. Self-sacrifice
22. Self-reliance
23. Simplicity
24. Social Justice
25. Truth
Total
The Selected Short Stories:
1. Footnote to Youth
2. How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife
3. Scent of Apples
4. As Long as the Grass Shall Grow
5. The Bread of Salt
6. The Summer Solstice
7. A Christmas Memoir
8. Now and at the Hour
9. Graduation
10. The Stranger
APPENDIX B
THE LITERARY TECHNIQUES AND DEVICES USED BY THE WRITERS
The Ten Selected Short Stories
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 T
1. Flashback
2. Narration
3. Description
4. Dialogue
5. Stream-of-consciousness
6. Symbolism
7. Foreshadowing
8. Implication
9. Humor
10. Double Meaning
11. Dream Sequence
12. Figure of Speech
13. Juxtaposition
14. Parallelism
15. Repetition
16. Sarcasm
17. Third Person Point -of -View
18. First Person Point -of – View
APPRAISAL OF THE DEGREE ON THE COMPREHENSION SKILLS
ReplyDeleteTHROUGH READING RECOVERY PLAN OF GRADE VI
PUPILS OF SAN ANTONIO - SILVERIO COMPOUND ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
IN FIRST SEMESTER 2012-2013
A Thesis
Presented To
DR. EDMAR ORATA
Advance Statistics
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
By
MRS. CRISTY R. DELA CRUZ
Master of Arts in Education
ABSTRACT
This research study entitled study entitled “Appraisal of the Degree on the Comprehension Skills Through Reading Recovery Plan Of Grade VI Pupils of San Antonio - Silverio Compound Elementary School in First Semester 2012-2013”was conducted in order to determine the degree of the reading comprehension skills among the respondents in the area of nothing details, making inference, and sequencing ideas through PHIL-IRI. This is a descriptive type of research which used the convenient sampling under the non-random type of sampling method. Three sets of questionnaires were used as statistical tools respectively.
It was found out in this study after the data gathered were consolidated, tabulated, and analysed that the respondent degree of reading comprehension in the area of nothing details is frustration, while the area of making inference is instructional, whereas, in the area of sequencing ideas falls also under instructional category. Finally it was also found out that the most difficult area in reading comprehension is the nothing details.
Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Reading comprehension is one of the areas in the English wherein pupils have a very low rate of improvement. There are several factors which can be traced as the cause of this slow rate of improvement. According to Luisa Raymundo in the Teacher’s Forum (2002), one factors is the limited supply of reading material from Department of Education. No matter how efficient a teacher does his job in teaching his pupil how to read, the result is minimal, compared to the product of exclusive schools. Teachers in public elementary schools rely fully in the book supplied by the Department of Education. These books are not enough if the goal is to produce an excellent product. Private elementary school teachers on the other hand do not rely on single textbooks, they have resources considering their high rate of tuition fees in providing their pupils with achievers.
Another factors is the lack of reading material at the pupil’s home. This is specially true in the rural areas, specifically, with those families who belong to the “below poverty” level in the community. It is not surprising if an visitor can not find any reading material in the said homes. Even an above average pupil will become an underachievers in reading if there is no available reading material at home.
Parent’s poor education is also is also another factor which affects the degree of the pupil’s reading comprehension. Parents are supposed to teach their children how to read during their free time but how can they do this if they themselves do not know how to read?
The last factors is the environment which include the teacher, his strategies in teaching, and the learning atmosphere. There are just but some of the factors which affect the degree of the pupil’s reading comprehension.
Significance of the Study
ReplyDeleteThe significance of the study are enumerated as follows:
1. It would provide teachers in higher grade information on the degree of the respondent’s reading comprehension skills.
2. It would provide parents information pertaining to the progress of their children in terms of reading comprehension.
3. It would provide future researchers data need as references for other studies related with this problem.
4. It would provide the community with information regarding the performance of school teachers in terms of teaching pupils how to read with comprehension.
Statement of the Problem
This research study seeks to find the degree of reading comprehension among grade six pupils of San Antonio – Silverio Compound Elementary School.
Specifically, it attempts to answer the following question:
1. What is the degree of the respondent’s reading comprehension in the areas of nothing details?
2. What is the degree of the respondent’s reading comprehension in the areas of making inference?
3. What is the degree of the reading comprehension skills of the respondents in terms of sequencing ideas?
4. What is the difficult area in reading comprehension among the respondents?
Hypotheses
Based on the problem in the study, the authors made the following assumption:
1. The respondents’ degree of reading comprehension skills in the area of nothing details would fall on the “”Poor” level of category in the rating scale.
2. The respondents’ degree of reading comprehension skill in the area of making inference would fall on the “Poor” level category in the rating scale.
3. The respondents’ degree of reading comprehension in the area of sequencing ideas would also fall under the “Fair” level of category in the rating scale.
4. Nothing details would be the most difficult area for the respondents in the reading comprehension.
Scope and Delimitation
The research study was conducted in San Antonio –Silverio Compound Elementary School with the grade six pupils serving as respondents. It is limited only in the degree of reading comprehension, specifically, in the areas of nothing details, making inference, and sequencing ideas.
Definition of Terms
Comprehension Is the degree of the pupils understanding of the meaning of
Sentence or passage that is being read.
Appraisal. Is the act of determining the degree of pupils’ reading
Comprehension.
Skills. Is the degree of the pupils’ ability in reading.
Reading. Is the pupils act of extracting the meaning in written word
Sentence or passage.
Chapter II
ReplyDeleteREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign Literature
According to Mary Austin in Modular Preparation in Reading (1974), there are two components of reading, the first is often called decoding and the second is often called comprehending. They are both necessary for competent reading. Although most people learn to read well enough to understand newspaper stories and follow common instruction. Others read well enough highly technical documents and to acquire new information and skills from the written materials. The purpose of reading education is to help less competent readers whether they are just children beginning to read or adolescents or adults who need to improve their reading to acquire greater facility with both decoding and comprehending aspects of reading. (Grolier Encyclopedia,1997). As cited by William Gray in on their own reading. New York , Scott, Foreman and Co.,(1997), reading education refers to activities designed to teach individuals how to comprehend the meaning of the written text. When reading a passage such as this one, component readers rapidly and smoothly focus on successive groups of words and can nearly immediately summarize what those words mean. Closer analysis of the actions of component readers reveals that they rapidly convent written symbols into more familiar spoken language from which they can comprehend the meaning of the text.
Word is one way for the older students to improve reading ability. This involves using a dictionary and thesaurus, studying word Parts, and learning how to find the meaning of the word from the context. Because a mature reader must have several reading rates available for different material and purpose, practice in skimming a passage for general meaning and scanning for specific information is useful.(Jeanne S. Chall and Steven Stahl, 1978).
Local Literature
According to DepEd MEMORANDUM No. 143 , s.2012 entitled Assessment of Reading in Public Elementary Schools. Reading is the foundation for all academic learning. If the pupils fall to master the basic skills, they can never hope to get through the other disciplines successfully and thereby, deprive them of becoming literate and productive individuals. Literacy improvement is a high priority for the Department of Education (DepEd) and for the Philippine government.
According to Araceli Villamin in Innovative Strategies In Teaching Reading, Quezon City; Phoenix Publishing House (1984), the reading of written or printed symbols had its origin in the very remote past. At first, man used pictures and characters to convey messages and to record events William Gray (1939), discovered from several researches that the art of interpreting theses characters and of teaching others to do so developed concurrently. The transition from the use of pictures through the use of letters representing specific sounds was slow and gradual.
The art of reading and writing improved through the years. Consequently, it became natural that they should acquire a significant place in the education of advanced and progressive nations. (Aracelli M. Villamin, 1978). Reading makes us well informed. It is a means of gaining access to various areas of knowledge. Students, Because of their limited experience are usually guided as to what reading material maybe appropriate to them. The guidance they get hopes to be reflected with their own reading choices outside the school. (Angelita Romero, 1987).
Justification
The authors in this research conducted this study with the intention of determining the degree of reading comprehension of the respondents. The purpose why it is conducted is to comply with the DepEd Reading Recovery Plan and determine the problem for intervention.
Chapter III
ReplyDeleteRESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study used a descriptive method. Specifically, survey method was used by the researcher in obtaining the needed data through the administration of a prepared questionnaires.
Samples and Sampling Techniques
Factual and relevant data in this study were taken from Grade VI pupils of San Antonio – Silverio Compound Elementary School serving as respondents. Convenient sampling was used under the non-random category from four sections of grade six where all pupils present during the administration of the questionnaires were used as samples.
Instrumentation
The researchers administered three (3) sets of questionnaires on the respondents. These questionnaires enabled the authors to gather and analyze data taht would determine the degree of the respondents reading comprehension skills.
Research Procedure
In conducting this study, the researcher first formulated three sets of questionnaires, which were submitted to the School English Coordinator and by which the English Coordinator seek the approval of the Guidance counsellor and the School head. Te questionnaires were then given to the respondents for answering inorder to appraise the respondent degree of reading comprehension skills. All data obtained from the respondents were recorded, and tabulated for appropriate statistical treatment and analysis.
The Respondents
The respondents in this study are all the Grade VI pupils of San Antonio – Silverio Compound Elementary School located at Purok 4 Silverio Compound, Barangay San Isidro, Parañaque City.
Statistical Treatment
The researcher in this study used the following statistical tools in the analysis of the gathered data;
Percentage Distribution
P = NCR/NCA X 100
Where : P = Percentage
NCR= Number of Respondents
NCA= Number of Correct Answers
100 = Constant
This statistical tool was used to determine the percentage of the respondents correct answers over the number of items.
Four point rating scale
Rating Scale Degree of Comprehension Skills
80% & Above Independent
75% - 79% Instructional
74% & below Frustration
Can not read even single word Non-Reader
This statistical tool was used in order to appraise the respondents degree of reading comprehension skills.
Chapter IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The chapter presents the results, discussions, analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in the answers to the problem presented in Chapter I. Based on the data gathered by the researcher regarding the respondents’ degree of reading comprehension skills in the terms of noting details, the following results were generated.
Table I. Table showing the percentage of respondents’ correct answer.
(See questionnaires A)
No. Of Item No. of Correct Answer Number of Respondents
Percentage
1 80 193 41.45%
2 86 193 44.56%
3 72 193 37.31%
4 92 193 47.67%
5 80 193 41.45%
Average............................................................................................ 42.49%
In item number one (1), eighty (80) out of 193 respondents or 41.45% got the correct answer. In item number 2, eighty-six (86) out of 193 respondents got the correct answer which is equivalent to 44.56%. In item number 3, seventy-two (72), or 37.31% respondents only got a correct answer. In item number 4, Ninety-two (92) or 47.67% got the correct answer. In number 5, eighty (80) 0r 41.45% respondents out of 193 got the correct answer. This figure give an average of 42.49%, which fall under “frustration” category in the rating scale.
Table 2. Showing the percentage of the respondents’ correct answers.
ReplyDelete(see questionnaire B)
No. of Item No. of Correct answer Number of Respondents Percentage
1 141 193 73.10%
2 139 193 72.02%
3 143 193 74.10%
4 144 193 74.61%
5 159 193 81.86%
Average.............................................................................................. 75.14%
In item number 1, one hundred forty-one (141) or 73.10% of the respondents got the correct answer. In item number 2, one hundred thirty-nine (139) or 72.02% got the corret answer. In item 3, one hundred forty-three (143) of the respondents got the correct answer or equivalent to 74.10%. In item number 4, one hundred forty-four (144) of the same respondents got the corret answers. And in item number 5, one hundred fifty-nine (159) or 81.86% of the respondents got the correct answer. The total average in these items falls under the “instructional” category of the respondents’ degree of reading comprehension under the area of making inference.
Table 3. Showing the percentage of the respondents’ correct answers.
(see questionnaire C)
No. of Item No. of Correct answer Number of Respondents Percentage
1 149 193 77.20%
2 147 193 76.17%
3 143 193 74.10%
4 144 193 74.61%
5 146 193 75.65%
Average.................................................................................................................75.55%
In item number 1, one hundred forty-nine (141) or 77.20%% of the respondents got the correct answer. In item number 2, one hundred forty-seven (147) or 76.17% got the correct answer. In item 3, one hundred forty-three (143) of the respondents got the correct answer or equivalent to 74.10%. In item number 4, one hundred forty-four (144) of the same respondents got the correct answers. And in item number 5, one hundred forty-six (146) or 75.65% of the respondents got the correct answer. The total average in these items falls under the “instructional” category of the respondents’ degree of reading comprehension under the area of making inference.
Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study entitled “Appraisal of the Degree of Comprehension Skills Through Reading Recovery Plan Of Grade VI Pupils of San Antonio - Silverio Compound Elementary School in First Semester 2012-2013”. Was conducted to appraise the degree of reading comprehension skills of the respondents in the area of nothing details, making inference, and sequencing of ideas.
Major Findings
Based on the results obtained from the careful analysis of the gathered data, the following findings were established;
1. The respondents degree of reading comprehension skills under the area of nothing details is “frustration”.
2. The respondents degree of reading comprehension skills under the area of making inference is “instructional”.
3. The respondents degree of reading comprehension skills under the area of sequencing events is “instructional”, category.
4. Nothing details is the most difficult area for the respondents in the reading comprehension aspect in the English Subject.
Conclusion
Based on the findings established from this study, the researcher conclude that the respondents’ degree of reading comprehension skills in the area of nothing details is “Frustration”. They conclude also that respondents’
degree of making inference is “instructional”. Lastly the researcher conclude also that the respondents’ degree of reading comprehension skills in the area of sequencing ideas falls under the “instructional” category.
ReplyDeleteFinally, she conclude also that the most difficult area in the reading comprehension for the respondents is nothing details.
Recommendation
As a results in the findings in this study, researcher hereby recommend the following:
1. Teachers in reading must concentrate more in the area of nothing details, since it is the must difficult area in reading comprehension.
2. Textbooks in reading must contains more exercises specially in the nothing details. Making inference, and sequencing events that the almost fall into frustration too.
3. Teachers in reading must be patient in dealing with pupils who show lack of interest in reading.
4. Teachers must not rely fully in government issued textbooks but must be resourceful i providing more exercises aside from the content of their own issued textbooks.
Action Research
ReplyDeleteI. Introduction
Reading is one of the most important skills one has to develop in an early stage of his education. A pupil cannot perform well inside the classroom, will not get high scores in tests or even follow simple written instruction if he has not develop the reading skill. To achieve quality instruction inside the classroom, the pupils should have acquired the reading for his grade level.
It has always been a problem for the reading teacher how to group his pupils according to their reading level. The teacher has to know the reading level of his pupils before conducting the lessons so that he can get started properly. So, the Phil-IRI is a very great help for the teacher to identify the reading level of his pupils.
This is the very reason why the researcher used this as her basis to conduct this research to identify the reading level of the Grade III – 5pupils of Col. E. De Leon Elementary School.
II. Objectives
The main objective of this research is to identify the reading level of the Grade III-5 pupils of Col. E. De Leon Elementary School. She wants to determine the reading level of her pupils.
III. Scope and Delimitation
This research was administered to identify the reading level of the Grade III-5 pupils of Col. E. De Leon Elementary School. It involved 58 students officially enrolled in that particular section, school year 2012-2013.
IV. Methods of the Study
ReplyDeleteThe descriptive method was used by the researcher to identify the reading level of the Grade III-5 pupils in Col. E. De Leon Elementary School. This method is the most fitted method since it perceives the current situation.
The main instrument used in the collection of data was the ready-made diagnostic test which is the Phi-IRI from the Department of Education. This is the tool that the reading teachers used to identify the reading level of their pupils. No sampling figure was employed because all the pupils enrolled in the Grade III-5 were involved.
For the treatment of the data, the researcher used frequency and percentage.
V. Findings
After the statistical analysis of the data gathered from the diagnostic test (Phil-IRI) the answer to the specific objective was drawn.
What is the reading level of the pupils in Grade III-5 at Col. E. De Leon Elementary School?
Table I shows the result of the diagnostic test of the Grade III-5 pupils in Col. E. De Leon Elementary School.
Table I
Diagnostic Test Result in Reading of the Grade III-5 Pupils
Percentile Score Frequency Percentage
90 and above 0 0%
80 - 89 11 19%
75 - 79 7 12%
74 and below 40 96%
As revealed in Table I, as in the test administered, there were 11 or 19 percent who top scored 80 to 89. This score group was followed by seven (7) or 12 percent who got a percentile score of 75 to 79. Forty (40) pupils or 96 percent got a 74 and below percentile score. This shows that the pupils in Grade III section 5 belongs to the group with low reading level, which if explained further would mean that the reading ability of the pupils is not yet sufficient for the grade three level.
Table II
ReplyDeleteReading Level Description
Percentile Score Description
90 and above Independent in Advance Level
80 - 89 Independent
75 - 79 Instructional
74 and below Frustration
Table II shows that according to the result shown in Table I, 40 pupils or 96 percent of the class belong to the frustration group which mean that most of the pupils in this group needs in-school remediation daily plus extra time off school. Only seven (7) pupils or 12 percent are in dependent reader and eleven (11) or 19 percent are instructional reader which means it only needs 30 minutes in-school remediation.
This tends to show that the pupils need rigid remediation activities and other innovations to develop their reading skill for the grade level.
VI. Conclusions
In the light of the findings of this study, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. The Grade III-5 pupils have insufficient reading skills for the grade level.
2. Most of the pupils belong to the frustration reading level.
VII. Recommendations
The following recommendations are humbly suggested on the findings and conclusions:
1. Double effort for the teacher to conduct remedial reading class.
2. Provide more reading exercises such as APAW, ASAD, DEAR, and regular reading of the basic sight words.
3. Remedial measures inside the classroom should be implemented such as peer teaching to utilize the better and able pupils in reading.
4. Give the pupils re4ading kits for them to read at home so that parents have something to be used in making a reading follow-up at home.
5. Seek the help of the parents to do a follow-up reading at home.
OLIVAREZ COLLEGE
ReplyDeleteSucat Road, Parañaque City
“BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS COMMONLY SHOWN BY THE STUDENTS OF MOONWALK NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL AS USUALLY ENCOUNTERED BY THE TEACHERS AND ITS EFFECTS IN THEIR STUDIES”
A Research Paper Presented to
Dr. Edmar Orata
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Advanced Statistics
Melanie Trajano-Garcia
MAED-GC
Academic Year 2011-2012
INTRODUCTION
In recent years there are studies that focused on the key factors that promote academic success among students whose characteristics and school circumtances place them at high risk of failure. Literature largely supports the positive role that the students’ attitudes and behaviors play to improve academic achievement. Student motivation is also significantly influenced by a supportive network of relationships. These are their teachers, family and friends as supportive. The factors that are against the youth of today such as, lack of family upbringing, dysfunctional families, peer pressure, lack of respect from those in authority towards the students. Many are looked down upon and told that they are no good and will never belong. When this happens, there are scapegoat where they feel the sense of belongingness, the gangs, fraternities, sororities and peers rather than their families or even teachers.
In this examine, that the researcher want to know why some students in Moonwalk National High School have just taken for granted their studies. The concept of this topic is to introduce to all as well as the teachers the causes and factors that contribute to students’ acquisition of unpleasant behaviors.
The youth of today, is the future of our country. Everyone needs to belong and to be loved. If you do not show them this, then someone else will. Take a stand. Reach out to the youth. Do not be a bystander.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. What are some untoward behavioral problems commonly manifested by the students?
2. What are the reasons for the existence of such behavioral problems by the students?
3. What effects do these behavioral problems have in their studies?
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The study covered sixty (60) students, male and female, from Grade 7 to Fourth year level of Moonwalk National High School, school year 2012 – 2013.
It concerns about the effects of the behavioral problem of students in their studies as observed by their teachers.
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
This particular chapter involved the research methodology, respondents of the study, sources of data, and statistical methods.
A. Research Design
The descriptive method was used to be able to evaluate the behavioral problems commonly shown by the students of Moonwalk National High School as usually encountered by the teachers and its effect in theis studies.
B. Respondents of the Study
The sixty students from Grade 7 to Fourth year, male and female of Moonwalk National High School used as sample respondents. It dealt in the survey, questionnaires method in determining the effects of their inappropriate behavior toward their studies.
C. Research Instrument
Primary sources of data were obtained using the self-made questionnaire which is patterened to suit the questions being laid down in the statement of the problem.
D. Administration of the Instrument
The questionnaires were distributed to sixty respondents. Copies were reproduced and given to each respondent with the help of their subject teachers.
E. Statistical Treatment of Data
The data obtained from the result of the questionnaires. The sixty students answered the questionnaires and the researcher retrieved them, analyzed and studied it for presentation and interpretation.
The statistical method of data was undergone the method of using Simple percentage distributions with the formula of:
P = f/n x 100
Where:
P = is the percentage
f = is the frequency of responses
n = is the total number of respondents
FINDINGS
ReplyDeletePRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
TABLE I
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS PROFILE ACCORDING
TO AGE
Profile Frequency Percentage (%)
1. Age
12 – 14 years old
15 – 18 years old
Total
27
33
60
45%
55%
100%
The respondents’ age are presented in the above Table 1, where 27 or 45 percent of them ages 12-14 years old and 33 or 55% of them belongs to 15-18 years old. This implies their adjustment towards their environment.
TABLE 2
PERCENTAGE OF SOME BEHAVIORAL PROBLEM THAT STUDENTS COMMONLY MANIFEST
Specific Question Number 1:
What are some behavioral problems do you commonly observe or manifest?
Behavioral Problem that
Students commonly manifest Frequency Percentage
Disrespectfulness
26
44%
Hyperactivity
20
33%
bullying
14
23%
Based on the responses from 60 students, 26 or 44% agreed on disrespectfulness as the commonly observed or manifested behavioral problem. 20 or 33% chose hyperactivity and 14 or 23% replied about bullying.
Therefore, this means that more of the students observe and manifest disrespectfulness as usually encountered by their teachers.
TABLE 3
PERCENTAGES OF CAUSES FOR THE EXISTENCE OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEM
Specific Question No.2:
What do you think are the causes or reasons for the existence of such problem?
Reasons or causes for the existence of behavioral problem
Frequency
Percentage
Family upbringing
27
45%
Lack of interest in studies
26
43%
Peer pressure
7
14%
Based on the responses from the 60 students, 27 or 45% agreed that the existence of such problems is affected by the family or upbringing, 26 or 43% was able to disclose the fact that they are lack of interest in studies and 7 or 12% belonged to peer pressure.
TABLE 4
ReplyDeletePERCENTAGE OF EFFECTS WILL THOSE PROBLEMS HAVE IN THEIR STUDIES
Specific Question No.3:
What effects do these behavioral problems have in their studies?
Effects of Behavioral problems in their studies Frequency Percentage
Results in having failing grades
34
57%
Can not achieve the goals
in life
14
23%
Teachers may get mad at them
12
20%
Based on the responses from 60 students, 34 or 57% agreed that those problems will results of having failing grades, 14 or 23% can see that they can not achieve their goals in life, and only 12 or 20% thought that some teachers may get mad at them.
Therefore, more of the students found out that they will suffer of having failing grades as the worst effect of practicing behavioral problem.
CONCLUSION
Based on the result of the study the following conclusions
were drawn:
1. Disrespectfulness is the behavioral problem most commonly manifested
among the students of Moonwalk Nationa High School.
2. The way the students brought up or their upbringing, the reason
behind having behavioral problems.
3. Students rated that their problems may result to failing grades.
RECOMMENDATION
1. There should be an organized programs and seminars on how they will enhance their attitude towards their encountered problems regardless weather if it’s a school or a family problem.
2. The guidance counselor of the said school where the students study should know their duties and responsibilities to the students. They should be open and accommodating most especially when the students need counseling. Enhancement on their skills and trainings should be needed.
3. The said school should be open for further study or research on the said topic, and they should also be open for changes to have a solution to the problem.